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Toxics

Title:		Detailed Speciation of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaust Emissions from Diesel and Gasoline Euro 5 Vehicles Using Online and Offline Measurements
Author(s):		Marques B; Kostenidou E; Valiente AM; Vansevenant B; Sarica T; Fine L; Temime-Roussel B; Tassel P; Perret P; Liu Y; Sartelet K; Ferronato C; D'Anna B;
Address:		"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France. French Agency for Ecological Transition, ADEME, 49000 Angers, France. Univ Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Lyon, AME-EASE, 69675 Lyon, France. CEREA, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, EdF R&D, 77455 Marne-la Vallee, France"
Journal Title:		Toxics
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220408
Issue:		4
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/toxics10040184
ISSN/ISBN:		2305-6304 (Electronic) 2305-6304 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The characterization of vehicle exhaust emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential to estimate their impact on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and, more generally, air quality. This paper revises and updates non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) tailpipe emissions of three Euro 5 vehicles during Artemis cold urban (CU) and motorway (MW) cycles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis is carried out for the first time on proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) datasets of vehicular emission. Statistical analysis helped to associate the emitted VOCs to specific driving conditions, such as the start of the vehicles, the activation of the catalysts, or to specific engine combustion regimes. Merged PTR-ToF-MS and automated thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometer (ATD-GC-MS) datasets provided an exhaustive description of the NMVOC emission factors (EFs) of the vehicles, thus helping to identify and quantify up to 147 individual compounds. In general, emissions during the CU cycle exceed those during the MW cycle. The gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle exhibits the highest EF during both CU and MW cycles (252 and 15 mg/km), followed by the port-fuel injection (PFI) vehicle (24 and 0.4 mg/km), and finally the diesel vehicle (15 and 3 mg/km). For all vehicles, emissions are dominated by unburnt fuel and incomplete combustion products. Diesel emissions are mostly represented by oxygenated compounds (65%) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (23%) up to C(22), while GDI and PFI exhaust emissions are composed of monoaromatics (68%) and alkanes (15%). Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) range from 2.7 to 13% of the emissions, comprising essentially linear alkanes for the diesel vehicle, while naphthalene accounts up to 42% of the IVOC fraction for the gasoline vehicles. This work demonstrates that PMF analysis of PTR-ToF-MS datasets and GC-MS analysis of vehicular emissions provide a revised and deep characterization of vehicular emissions to enrich current emission inventories"
Keywords:		Atd-gc-ms Btex Euro 5 IVOCs NMVOCs Pmf PTR-ToF-MS alkanes alkenes diesel emissions gasoline oxygenated compounds;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEMarques, Baptiste Kostenidou, Evangelia Valiente, Alvaro Martinez Vansevenant, Boris Sarica, Thibaud Fine, Ludovic Temime-Roussel, Brice Tassel, Patrick Perret, Pascal Liu, Yao Sartelet, Karine Ferronato, Corinne D'Anna, Barbara eng 1766C001/Agence de L'Environnement et de la Maitrise de L'Energie/ Switzerland 2022/04/22 Toxics. 2022 Apr 8; 10(4):184. doi: 10.3390/toxics10040184"