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J Toxicol Environ Health A

Title:		"Mouse pulmonary response to dust from sawing Corian(R), a solid-surface composite material"
Author(s):		Mandler WK; Qi C; Orandle MS; Sarkisian K; Mercer RR; Stefaniak AB; Knepp AK; Bowers LN; Battelli LA; Shaffer J; Friend SA; Qian Y; Sisler JD;
Address:		"a Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA. b Division of Applied Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , OH , USA. c Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA"
Journal Title:		J Toxicol Environ Health A
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190710
Issue:		11
Page Number:		645 - 663
DOI:		10.1080/15287394.2019.1640816
ISSN/ISBN:		1528-7394 (Print) 0098-4108 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Corian(R), a solid-surface composite (SSC), is composed of alumina trihydrate and acrylic polymer. The aim of the present study was to examine the pulmonary toxicity attributed to exposure to SSC sawing dust. Male mice were exposed to either phosphate buffer saline (PBS, control), 62.5, 125, 250, 500, or 1000 microg of SSC dust, or 1000 microg silica (positive control) via oropharyngeal aspiration. Body weights were measured for the duration of the study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tissues were collected for analysis at 1 and 14 days post-exposure. Enhanced-darkfield and histopathologic analysis was performed to assess particle distribution and inflammatory responses. BALF cells and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The geometric mean diameter of SSC sawing dust following suspension in PBS was 1.25 microm. BALF analysis indicated that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, inflammatory cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in the 500 and 1000 microg SSC exposure groups at days 1 and 14, suggesting that exposure to these concentrations of SSC induced inflammatory responses, in some cases to a greater degree than the silica positive control. Histopathology indicated the presence of acute alveolitis at all doses at day 1, which was largely resolved by day 14. Alveolar particle deposition and granulomatous mass formation were observed in all exposure groups at day 14. The SSC particles were poorly cleared, with 81% remaining at the end of the observation period. These findings demonstrate that SSC sawing dust exposure induces pulmonary inflammation and damage that warrants further investigation. Abbreviations: ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; ATH: Alumina Trihydrate; BALF: Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D(pg): Geometric Mean Diameter; FE-SEM: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy; IACUC: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee; IFN-gamma: Interferon Gamma; IL-1 Beta: Interleukin-1 Beta; IL-10: Interleukin-10; IL-12: Interleukin-12; IL-2: Interleukin-2; IL-4: Interleukin-4; IL-5: Interleukin-5; IL-6: Interleukin-6; KC/GRO: Neutrophil-Activating Protein 3; MMAD: Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter; PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; PEL: Permissible Exposure Limit; PM: Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes; PNOR: Particles Not Otherwise Regulated; SEM/EDX: Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy-Dispersive X-Ray; SSA: Specific Surface Area; SSC: Solid Surface Composite; TNFalpha: Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha; VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds; sigma(g): Geometric Standard Deviation"
Keywords:		"Animals Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry/cytology Construction Materials Cytokines/chemistry/metabolism *Dust Inflammation/chemically induced Inhalation Exposure Lung Diseases/*chemically induced Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Specific Pathogen-Free O;"
Notes:		"MedlineMandler, W Kyle Qi, Chaolong Orandle, Marlene S Sarkisian, Khachatur Mercer, Robert R Stefaniak, Aleksandr B Knepp, Alycia K Bowers, Lauren N Battelli, Lori A Shaffer, Justine Friend, Sherri A Qian, Yong Sisler, Jennifer D eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. England 2019/07/11 J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2019; 82(11):645-663. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1640816. Epub 2019 Jul 10"