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J Hazard Mater

Title:		"Characterization of produced water and surrounding surface water in the Permian Basin, the United States"
Author(s):		Jiang W; Xu X; Hall R; Zhang Y; Carroll KC; Ramos F; Engle MA; Lin L; Wang H; Sayer M; Xu P;
Address:		"Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States. NGL Partners LP, Santa Fe, NM 87501, United States. Department of Plant and Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States. Department of Geological Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States. Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States. Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States. Electronic address: pxu@nmsu.edu"
Journal Title:		J Hazard Mater
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220202
Issue:
Page Number:		128409 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128409
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-3336 (Electronic) 0304-3894 (Linking)
Abstract:		"A thorough understanding of produced water (PW) quality is critical to advance the knowledge and tools for effective PW management, treatment, risk assessment, and feasibility for beneficial reuse outside the oil and gas industry. This study provides the first step to better understand PW quality to develop beneficial reuse programs that are protective of human health and the environment. In total, 46 PW samples from unconventional operations in the Permian Basin and ten surface water samples from the Pecos River in New Mexico were collected for quantitative target analyses of more than 300 constituents. Water quality analyses of Pecos River samples could provide context and baseline information for the potential discharge and reuse of treated PW in this area. Temporal PW and river water quality changes were monitored for eight months in 2020. PW samples had total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranging from 100,800-201,500 mg/L. Various mineral salts, metals, oil and grease, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, radionuclides, ammonia, hydraulic fracturing additives, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances were detected at different concentrations. Chemical characterization of organic compounds found in Pecos River water showed no evidence of PW origin. Isometric log-ratio Na-Cl-Br analysis showed the salinity in the Pecos River samples appeared to be linked to an increase in natural shallow brine inputs. This study outlines baseline analytical information to advance PW research by describing PW and surrounding surface water quality in the Permian Basin that will assist in determining management strategies, treatment methods, potential beneficial reuse applications, and potential environmental impacts specific to intended beneficial use of treated PW"
Keywords:		"Humans *Hydraulic Fracking Oil and Gas Fields Salinity United States *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Water Quality Pecos river Permian Basin Produced water characterization Water reuse;"
Notes:		"MedlineJiang, Wenbin Xu, Xuesong Hall, Ryan Zhang, Yanyan Carroll, Kenneth C Ramos, Frank Engle, Mark A Lin, Lu Wang, Huiyao Sayer, Matthias Xu, Pei eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2022/02/13 J Hazard Mater. 2022 May 15; 430:128409. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128409. Epub 2022 Feb 2"