| Title: | Indoor generated PM(2.5) compositions and volatile organic compounds: Potential sources and health risk implications |
| Author(s): | Idris SA; Hanafiah MM; Khan MF; Hamid HHA; |
| Address: | "Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: mhmarlia@ukm.edu.my. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126932 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential sources of heavy metals in fine air particles (PM(2.5)) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomeric xylenes (BTEX) in gas phase indoor air. PM(2.5) samples were collected using a low volume sampler. BTEX samples were collected using passive sampling onto sorbent tubes and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the lower and upper floors of the evaluated building, the concentrations of PM(2.5) were 96.4 +/- 2.70 mug/m(3) and 80.2 +/- 3.11 mug/m(3), respectively. The compositions of heavy metals in PM(2.5) were predominated by iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and aluminum (Al) with concentration of 500 +/- 50.07 ng/m(3), 466 +/- 77.38 ng/m(3), and 422 +/- 147.38 ng/m(3). A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main sources of BTEX were originated from vehicle emissions and exacerbate because of temperature variations. Hazard quotient results for BTEX showed that the compounds were below acceptable limits and thus did not possess potential carcinogenic risks. However, a measured output of lifetime cancer probability revealed that benzene and ethylbenzene posed definite carcinogenic risks. Pollutants that originated from heavy traffic next to the sampling site contributed to the indoor pollution" |
| Keywords: | Air Pollutants/analysis Benzene/analysis Benzene Derivatives Environmental Monitoring/*methods Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Particulate Matter/*analysis Toluene/analysis Vehicle Emissions/analysis Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis Xylene; |
| Notes: | "MedlineIdris, Siti Amira 'Ainaa' Hanafiah, Marlia M Khan, Md Firoz Hamid, Haris Hafizal Abd eng England 2020/05/14 Chemosphere. 2020 Sep; 255:126932. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126932. Epub 2020 May 5" |
