| Title: | Fate and transport of the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil-water systems |
| Author(s): | Hakk H; Shelver WL; Casey FX; |
| Address: | "USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA. Electronic address: heldur.hakk@ars.usda.gov. USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA. Department of Soil Sciences, North Dakota State University, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58108, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.026 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1001-0742 (Print) 1001-0742 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter (OM). Sampling of the liquid layer for 14days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4hr, and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%-51% of the dose at 14days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption, these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils, may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events" |
| Keywords: | "Adrenergic Agonists/*analysis Environmental Monitoring Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions *Models, Chemical Phenethylamines/*analysis Soil/chemistry Soil Pollutants/*analysis Water/chemistry Degradation Ractopamine Soil Transport beta-Adrenergic ago;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineHakk, Heldur Shelver, Weilin L Casey, Francis X M eng Netherlands 2016/07/04 J Environ Sci (China). 2016 Jul; 45:40-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.026. Epub 2016 Feb 15" |
