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Metabolites

Title:		HS-SPME-GC/MS Analysis for Revealing Carob's Ripening
Author(s):		Fella P; Kaikiti K; Stylianou M; Agapiou A;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus"
Journal Title:		Metabolites
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220715
Issue:		7
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/metabo12070656
ISSN/ISBN:		2218-1989 (Print) 2218-1989 (Electronic) 2218-1989 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Carob's recognized nutritional and medicinal value next to its unique agriculture importance is associated with an array of social, economic, and cultural activities. The carob fruit is popular for its intense aroma due to the emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The composition of VOCs released from carob fruits changes during ripening, rendering it a non-invasive tool for the determination of the ripening period and freshness of the fruit. Therefore, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) was applied to reveal the respective gaseous signal molecules related to fruit maturity. The sampling was implemented during weeks 26-36 from five different locations in Cyprus. Additionally, the gaseous emissions of total VOCs (TVOCs) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) were recorded next to the moisture content of the fruit. The major chemical classes in the ripening are acids, followed by esters, and ketones. More specifically, the most abundant VOCs during ripening are propanoic acid, 2-methyl-(isobutyric acid), 2-heptanone, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester, acetic acid, methyl isobutyrate, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester, 2-pentanone, butanoic acid and propanoic acid, 2-methyl-ethyl ester. Finally, CO(2) emissions and moisture content showed a rapid decline until the 31st week and then stabilized for all examined areas. The methodology revealed variations in VOCs' profile during the ripening process"
Keywords:		VOCs carob fruit odor ripening process smell;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEFella, Panagiota Kaikiti, Kyriaki Stylianou, Marinos Agapiou, Agapios eng BlackGold INTEGRATED/0916/0019/European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation/ Switzerland 2022/07/28 Metabolites. 2022 Jul 15; 12(7):656. doi: 10.3390/metabo12070656"