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Equine Vet J Suppl

Title:		Urinary excretion of dietary contaminants in horses
Author(s):		Respondek F; Lallemand A; Julliand V; Bonnaire Y;
Address:		"ENESAD, Nutrition et Sante Digestive des Herbivores, 26 boulevard Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex; and LCH, 15 rue de Paradis, 91370 Verrieres le Buisson, France"
Journal Title:		Equine Vet J Suppl
Year:		2006
Volume:
Issue:		36
Page Number:		664 - 667
DOI:		10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05623.x
ISSN/ISBN:
Abstract:		"REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Presence of drugs is completely prohibited in post racing urine samples by most of racing and competition authorities, even if environmental contamination might occur. OBJECTIVES: To assess the daily dose of several contaminants absorbed through the diet that would result in detectable concentrations in urine. METHODS: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, atropine, scopolamine, bufotenine, DMT or morphine were administered orally to 6 horses, in different dosages, for 3 days before their urine was sampled for regular anti-doping tests. RESULTS: Theobromine, theophylline, bufotenine and morphine daily intake >10 mg, 2 mg, 10 mg and 200 microg, respectively, by a performance horse, were found to result in detectable urinary concentrations. At the 2 tested doses, atropine (5 and 15 mg) and dimethyltryptamine (3 and 10 mg) were not detected in urine. For caffeine and scopolamine, even the lowest dosage tested (5 mg/horse/day and 2 mg/horse/day respectively) induced detectable concentrations of the molecule in urine. CONCLUSIONS: Horses fed dietary contaminants, even at level much below the effective dosage, may be positive to antidoping urine analysis. Further research is needed to gain more confident results on a daily safe intake for caffeine and scopolamine. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Selection of feed materials appears to be of great importance to prevent non voluntary positive result to anti-doping tests"
Keywords:		"Animals Atropine/administration & dosage/urine Bufotenin/administration & dosage/urine Caffeine/administration & dosage/urine Cross-Over Studies Doping in Sports Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Food Contamination/*analysis Horses/metabolism/*urine Morphi;"
Notes:		"MedlineRespondek, F Lallemand, A Julliand, V Bonnaire, Y eng Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2007/04/04 Equine Vet J Suppl. 2006 Aug; (36):664-7. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05623.x"