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Med Vet Entomol

Title:		Phlebotomine sandfly responses to carbon dioxide and human odour in the field
Author(s):		Pinto MC; Campbell-Lendrum DH; Lozovei AL; Teodoro U; Davies CR;
Address:		"Universidade Federal de Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. marapinto@hotmail.com"
Journal Title:		Med Vet Entomol
Year:		2001
Volume:		15
Issue:		2
Page Number:		132 - 139
DOI:		10.1046/j.1365-2915.2001.00294.x
ISSN/ISBN:		0269-283X (Print) 0269-283X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Responses of Lutzomyia sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and human odour were investigated by field experiments in Parana State, southern Brazil. Catches of two predominant species: Lu. intermedia (Antunes & Coutinho) and Lu. whitmani Lutz & Neiva, were compared between traps baited with a human adult or with CO2 emitted at the human-equivalent rate. When the baits were only 40 cm apart, no difference of attractiveness was detected. When baits were separated by 20 m, however, significantly fewer sandflies (44% Lu. intermedia, 46% Lu. whitmani) were trapped with CO2 compared with human bait. This is the first field evidence that anthropophilic sandflies are attracted by human kairomones in addition to CO2. For both species [Lutzomyia intermedia and Lu. whitmani] [corrected], the proportion of human attractiveness attributable to CO2 was significantly more [corrected] for males than females; for Lu. intermedia males human bait was no more attractive than CO2 alone. Gender differences in sandfly olfactory sensitivity are likely to be associated with behavioural differences on the host, where females feed on blood and males find mates. With traps 20 m apart, both Lutzomyia spp. showed roughly linear increased responses (log-log scale) to 0.08-0.55% CO2 equivalent to 0.5-4 humans. This would explain why host size is generally proportional to attractiveness, as observed for other species of phlebotomine sandflies"
Keywords:		"Adult Animals Behavior, Animal/physiology Brazil Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology/*physiology Humans Insect Hormones/pharmacology/*physiology Linear Models Male *Odorants Psychodidae/drug effects/*physiology Sex Factors;"
Notes:		"MedlinePinto, M C Campbell-Lendrum, D H Lozovei, A L Teodoro, U Davies, C R eng Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2001/07/04 Med Vet Entomol. 2001 Jun; 15(2):132-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2001.00294.x"