| Title: | Phenological asynchrony between host plant and gypsy moth reduces insect gut microbiota and susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis |
| Author(s): | Martemyanov VV; Belousova IA; Pavlushin SV; Dubovskiy IM; Ershov NI; Alikina TY; Kabilov MR; Glupov VV; |
| Address: | Laboratory of Ecological Parasitology Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia. Biological Institute National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia. Institute of Biology Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russia. Laboratory of Insect Pathology Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia. Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia. Genomics Core Facility Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2045-7758 (Print) 2045-7758 (Electronic) 2045-7758 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The phenological synchrony between the emergence of overwintering herbivorous insects and the budding of host plants is considered a crucial factor in the population dynamics of herbivores. However, the mechanisms driving the interactions between the host plant, herbivores, and their pathogens are often obscure. In the current study, an artificially induced phenological asynchrony was used to investigate how the asynchrony between silver birch Betula pendula and gypsy moth Lymantria dispar affects the immunity of the insect to bacteria, its susceptibility to the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, and the diversity in its midgut microbiota. The lysozyme-like activity in both the midgut and hemolymph plasma and the nonspecific esterase activity and antimicrobial peptide gene expression in the midgut were studied in both noninfected and B. thuringiensis-infected larvae. Our results provide the first evidence that phenologically asynchronous larvae are less susceptible to B. thuringiensis infection than phenologically synchronous larvae, and our results show that these effects are related to the high basic levels and B. thuringiensis-induced levels of lysozyme-like activities. Moreover, a 16S rRNA analysis revealed that dramatic decreases in the diversity of the larval gut bacterial consortia occurred under the effect of asynchrony. Larvae infected with B. thuringiensis presented decreased microbiota diversity if the larvae were reared synchronously with the host plant but not if they were reared asynchronously. Our study demonstrates the significant effect of phenological asynchrony on innate immunity-mediated interactions between herbivores and entomopathogenic bacteria and highlights the role of nonpathogenic gut bacteria in these interactions" |
| Keywords: | 16S rRNA insect immunity metagenomics phenological mismatch tritrophic interactions; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEMartemyanov, Vyacheslav V Belousova, Irina A Pavlushin, Sergey V Dubovskiy, Ivan M Ershov, Nikita I Alikina, Tatyana Y Kabilov, Marsel R Glupov, Victor V eng England 2017/07/21 Ecol Evol. 2016 Sep 22; 6(20):7298-7310. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2460. eCollection 2016 Oct" |
