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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"Sex Pheromone of the Alfalfa Plant Bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus: Pheromone Composition and Antagonistic Effect of 1-Hexanol (Hemiptera: Miridae)"
Author(s):		Koczor S; Vuts J; Caulfield JC; Withall DM; Sarria A; Pickett JA; Birkett MA; Csonka EB; Toth M;
Address:		"Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eotvos Lorand Research Network (ELKH), H-1022 Herman Otto u. 15, Budapest, Hungary. koczor.sandor@atk.hu. Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK. Biobab R&D, S. L. Calle Patones, s/n. Parcela 28.3 PI Ventorro del Cano, Alcorcon, 28925, Madrid, Spain. School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK. Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eotvos Lorand Research Network (ELKH), H-1022 Herman Otto u. 15, Budapest, Hungary"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210419
Issue:		6
Page Number:		525 - 533
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-021-01273-y
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The sex pheromone composition of alfalfa plant bugs, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), from Central Europe was investigated to test the hypothesis that insect species across a wide geographical area can vary in pheromone composition. Potential interactions between the pheromone and a known attractant, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, were also assessed. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) using male antennae and volatile extracts collected from females, previously shown to attract males in field experiments, revealed the presence of three physiologically active compounds. These were identified by coupled GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and peak enhancement as hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. A ternary blend of these compounds in a 5.4:9.0:1.0 ratio attracted male A. lineolatus in field trials in Hungary. Omission of either (E)-2-hexenyl-butyrate or (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal from the ternary blend or substitution of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal by (E)-2-hexenal resulted in loss of activity. These results indicate that this Central European population is similar in pheromone composition to that previously reported for an East Asian population. Interestingly, another EAG-active compound, 1-hexanol, was also present in female extract. When 1-hexanol was tested in combination with the ternary pheromone blend, male catches were reduced. This compound showed a dose-response effect with small doses showing a strong behavioral effect, suggesting that 1-hexanol may act as a sex pheromone antagonist in A. lineolatus. Furthermore, when (E)-cinnamaldehyde was field tested in combination with the sex pheromone, there was no increase in male catch, but the combination attracted both males and females. Prospects for practical application are discussed"
Keywords:		Animals Female Heteroptera/chemistry/*drug effects Hexanols/*pharmacology Male Sex Attractants/*analysis/*antagonists & inhibitors Adelphocoris lineolatus Electroantennography Field attraction Miridae Sex pheromone;
Notes:		"MedlineKoczor, Sandor Vuts, Jozsef Caulfield, John C Withall, David M Sarria, Andre Pickett, John A Birkett, Michael A Csonka, Eva Balintne Toth, Miklos eng FK134744/Nemzeti Kutatasi Fejlesztesi es Innovacios Hivatal/ BBS/OS/CP/000001/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council's Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund/ 2021/04/20 J Chem Ecol. 2021 Jun; 47(6):525-533. doi: 10.1007/s10886-021-01273-y. Epub 2021 Apr 19"