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BMC Infect Dis

Title:		Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids
Author(s):		Jendrny P; Twele F; Meller S; Schulz C; von Kockritz-Blickwede M; Osterhaus A; Ebbers H; Ebbers J; Pilchova V; Pink I; Welte T; Manns MP; Fathi A; Addo MM; Ernst C; Schafer W; Engels M; Petrov A; Marquart K; Schotte U; Schalke E; Volk HA;
Address:		"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bunteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bunteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bunteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. KynoScience UG, Am Teutohang 51, 48477, Horstel, Germany. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany. German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lubeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany. Bundeswehr Medical Service Headquarters, Koblenz, Germany. Bundeswehr School of Dog handling, Grafin-Maltzan-Kaserne, Hochstrasse, 56766, Ulmen, Germany. Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, Kronshagen, Germany. Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bunteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. holger.volk@tiho-hannover.de"
Journal Title:		BMC Infect Dis
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210727
Issue:		1
Page Number:		707 -
DOI:		10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2334 (Electronic) 1471-2334 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: The main strategy to contain the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains to implement a comprehensive testing, tracing and quarantining strategy until vaccination of the population is adequate. Scent dogs could support current testing strategies. METHODS: Ten dogs were trained for 8 days to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in beta-propiolactone inactivated saliva samples. The subsequent cognitive transfer performance for the recognition of non-inactivated samples were tested on three different body fluids (saliva, urine, and sweat) in a randomised, double-blind controlled study. RESULTS: Dogs were tested on a total of 5242 randomised sample presentations. Dogs detected non-inactivated saliva samples with a diagnostic sensitivity of 84% (95% CI: 62.5-94.44%) and specificity of 95% (95% CI: 93.4-96%). In a subsequent experiment to compare the scent recognition between the three non-inactivated body fluids, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95% (95% CI: 66.67-100%) and 98% (95% CI: 94.87-100%) for urine, 91% (95% CI: 71.43-100%) and 94% (95% CI: 90.91-97.78%) for sweat, 82% (95% CI: 64.29-95.24%), and 96% (95% CI: 94.95-98.9%) for saliva respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The scent cognitive transfer performance between inactivated and non-inactivated samples as well as between different sample materials indicates that global, specific SARS-CoV-2-associated volatile compounds are released across different body secretions, independently from the patient's symptoms. All tested body fluids appear to be similarly suited for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals"
Keywords:		Animals *Body Fluids *covid-19 Dogs Humans Odorants Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 Saliva Scent detection dogs Sweat Urine Volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"MedlineJendrny, Paula Twele, Friederike Meller, Sebastian Schulz, Claudia von Kockritz-Blickwede, Maren Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Eras Ebbers, Hans Ebbers, Janek Pilchova, Veronika Pink, Isabell Welte, Tobias Manns, Michael Peter Fathi, Anahita Addo, Marylyn Martina Ernst, Christiane Schafer, Wencke Engels, Michael Petrov, Anja Marquart, Katharina Schotte, Ulrich Schalke, Esther Volk, Holger Andreas eng Randomized Controlled Trial England 2021/07/29 BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 27; 21(1):707. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1"