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Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci

Title:		"Simple and complex, sexually dimorphic retinal mosaic of fritillary butterflies"
Author(s):		Ilic M; Chen PJ; Pirih P; Meglic A; Prevc J; Yago M; Belusic G; Arikawa K;
Address:		"Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Laboratory of Neuroethology, Sokendai - The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 240-0193 Hayama, Japan. Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Grabloviceva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan"
Journal Title:		Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220905
Issue:		1862
Page Number:		20210276 -
DOI:		10.1098/rstb.2021.0276
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-2970 (Electronic) 0962-8436 (Print) 0962-8436 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Butterflies have variable sets of spectral photoreceptors that underlie colour vision. The photoreceptor organization may be optimized for the detection of body coloration. Fritillaries (Argynnini) are nymphalid butterflies exhibiting varying degrees of sexual dimorphism in wing coloration. In two sister species, the females have orange (Argynnis paphia) and dark wings (Argynnis sagana), respectively, while the males of both species have orange wings with large patches of pheromone-producing androconia. In spite of the differences in female coloration, the eyes of both species exhibit an identical sexual dimorphism. The female eyeshine is uniform yellow, while the males have a complex retinal mosaic with yellow and red-reflecting ommatidia. We found the basic set of ultraviolet-, blue- and green-peaking photoreceptors in both sexes. Males additionally have three more photoreceptor classes, peaking in green, yellow and red, respectively. The latter is the basal R9, indirectly measured through hyperpolarizations in the green-peaking R1-2. In many nymphalid tribes, including the closely related Heliconiini, the retinal mosaic is complex in both sexes. We hypothesize that the simple mosaic of female Argynnini is a secondary reduction, possibly driven by the use of olfaction for intraspecific recognition, whereas vision remains the primary sense for the task in the males. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods'"
Keywords:		"Animals *Butterflies/physiology *Color Vision Female *Fritillaria Male Retina/physiology Wings, Animal nymphalidae photoreceptor red receptor retina sexual dimorphism;"
Notes:		"MedlineIlic, Marko Chen, Pei-Ju Pirih, Primoz Meglic, Andrej Prevc, Jost Yago, Masaya Belusic, Gregor Arikawa, Kentaro eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2022/09/05 Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Oct 24; 377(1862):20210276. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0276. Epub 2022 Sep 5"