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Water Sci Technol

Title:		Comparison between the conventional anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and its combination with a chemical or thermal pre-treatment concerning the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Author(s):		Carballa M; Omil F; Alder AC; Lema JM;
Address:		"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Ria Lope Gomez de Marzoa, s/n. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. mcarbala@usc.es"
Journal Title:		Water Sci Technol
Year:		2006
Volume:		53
Issue:		8
Page Number:		109 - 117
DOI:		10.2166/wst.2006.241
ISSN/ISBN:		0273-1223 (Print) 0273-1223 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Many novel treatment technologies, usually representing a pre-treatment prior to the biological degradation process, have been developed in order to improve the recycling and reuse of sewage sludge. Among all the methods available, a chemical (alkaline) and a thermal treatment have been considered in this study. The behaviour of 13 substances belonging to different therapeutic classes (musks, tranquillisers, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, X-ray contrast media and estrogens) has been studied during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge combined with these pre-treatments (advanced operation) in comparison with the conventional process. Two parameters have been analysed: the temperature (mesophilic and thermophilic conditions) and the sludge retention time. While organic matter solubilization was higher with the alkaline process (55-80%), no difference between both pre-treatments was observed concerning volatile solids solubilization (up to 20%). The removal efficiencies of solids and organic matter during anaerobic digestion ranged from 40-70% and 45-75%, respectively. The higher removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals and personal care products were achieved for the antibiotics, Naproxen and the natural estrogens (>80%). For the other compounds, the values were in the range 20-70%, except for Carbamazepine, which was not removed at any condition tested"
Keywords:		"*Alkalies *Anaerobiosis Bacteria, Anaerobic Biodegradation, Environmental Household Products Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism Sewage/*microbiology Solubility *Temperature Waste Management/*methods;"
Notes:		"MedlineCarballa, M Omil, F Alder, A C Lema, J M eng Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2006/06/21 Water Sci Technol. 2006; 53(8):109-17. doi: 10.2166/wst.2006.241"