| Title: | Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection |
| Author(s): | Divekar PA; Narayana S; Divekar BA; Kumar R; Gadratagi BG; Ray A; Singh AK; Rani V; Singh V; Singh AK; Kumar A; Singh RP; Meena RS; Behera TK; |
| Address: | "Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221305, India. IPL Biologicals Ltd., Gurugram 122003, India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur 492012, India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Regional Research Station, Sargatia, Kushinagar 274406, India. College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India. Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Sheopur 476339, India. Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kotwa, Azamgarh 276207, India" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1422-0067 (Electronic) 1422-0067 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner" |
| Keywords: | Animals *Crop Protection *Herbivory/physiology Insecta/physiology Plant Growth Regulators Plants/genetics defense regulation insect adaptations insect herbivores natural enemy phytohormones pollinators secondary metabolites sustainable protection; |
| Notes: | "MedlineDivekar, Pratap Adinath Narayana, Srinivasa Divekar, Bhupendra Adinath Kumar, Rajeev Gadratagi, Basana Gowda Ray, Aishwarya Singh, Achuit Kumar Rani, Vijaya Singh, Vikas Singh, Akhilesh Kumar Kumar, Amit Singh, Rudra Pratap Meena, Radhe Shyam Behera, Tusar Kanti eng Review Switzerland 2022/03/11 Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 28; 23(5):2690. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052690" |
