« Previous AbstractToxicity-directed approach of polyester manufacturing industry wastewater provides useful information for conducting treatability studies    Next AbstractPhotochemical modeling in California with two chemical mechanisms: model intercomparison and response to emission reductions »

Biofouling

Title:		Preventing ascidian fouling in aquaculture: screening selected allelochemicals for anti-metamorphic properties in ascidian larvae
Author(s):		Cahill P; Heasman K; Jeffs A; Kuhajek J; Mountfort D;
Address:		"Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand. Patrick.Cahill@cawthron.org.nz"
Journal Title:		Biofouling
Year:		2012
Volume:		28
Issue:		1
Page Number:		39 - 49
DOI:		10.1080/08927014.2011.648624
ISSN/ISBN:		1029-2454 (Electronic) 0892-7014 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Fouling by ascidians causes major stock losses and disrupts production in marine aquaculture, especially bivalve aquaculture. Currently, no cost effective solution exists despite the testing of many prospective control techniques. This study examined a range of allelochemicals suspected to inhibit metamorphosis in marine larvae. Five allelochemicals were screened in a larval metamorphosis bioassay using Ciona savignyi Herdman to determine their potential as a remedy for ascidian fouling in bivalve aquaculture. Three of the compounds tested inhibited ascidian larval metamorphosis and increased mortality at low concentrations. These were radicicol (99% inhibition of metamorphosis [IC(9)(9)], 0.8 mug ml(-)(1); 99% lethal concentration [LC(9)(9)], 2.5 mug ml(-)(1); 99% lethal time [LT(9)(9)], 7.0 days), polygodial (IC(9)(9), 0.003 mug ml(-)(1); LC(9)(9), 0.9 mug ml(-)(1); LT(9)(9), 6.4 days), and ubiquinone-10 (IC(9)(9), 3.2 mug cm(-)(2); LC(9)(9), 14.5 mug cm(-)(2); LT(9)(9), 5.6 days; expressed as mug cm(-)(2) due to insolubility in water and ethanol). While spermidine significantly affected metamorphosis and mortality of C. savignyi, the effect was insufficient to achieve inhibition in 99% of larvae over the 7-day timeframe of the assay. Muscimol did not affect metamorphosis or mortality at the concentrations tested. The present study demonstrates that radicicol, polygodial and ubiquinone-10 have potential for future development in antifoulant formulations targeted towards the inhibition of metamorphosis in ascidian larvae, while spermidine and muscimol appear unsuitable"
Keywords:		"Animals *Aquaculture Biofouling/*prevention & control *Bivalvia Larva/drug effects/growth & development/physiology Macrolides/pharmacology Metamorphosis, Biological/drug effects/physiology Pheromones/chemistry/*pharmacology Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology Ubi;"
Notes:		"MedlineCahill, Patrick Heasman, Kevin Jeffs, Andrew Kuhajek, Jeannie Mountfort, Douglas eng England 2012/01/13 Biofouling. 2012; 28(1):39-49. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2011.648624"