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Mar Drugs

Title:		Types and Distribution of Bioactive Polyunsaturated Aldehydes in a Gradient from Mesotrophic to Oligotrophic Waters in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean)
Author(s):		Bartual A; Hernanz-Torrijos M; Sala I; Ortega MJ; Gonzalez-Garcia C; Bolado-Penagos M; Lopez-Urrutia A; Romero-Martinez L; Lubian LM; Bruno M; Echevarria F; Garcia CM;
Address:		"Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain. Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain. Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Costera, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO), Centro Oceanografico de Gijon, 33212 Gijon, Asturias, Spain"
Journal Title:		Mar Drugs
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200312
Issue:		3
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/md18030159
ISSN/ISBN:		1660-3397 (Electronic) 1660-3397 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are bioactive molecules suggested as chemical defenses and infochemicals. In marine coastal habitats, diatoms reach high PUA production levels during bloom episodes. Two fractions of PUA can usually be analyzed: pPUA obtained via artificial breakage of collected phytoplankton cells and dissolved PUA already released to the environment (dPUA). In nature, resource supply arises as a main environmental controlling factor of PUA production. In this work, we monitored the vertical distribution and daily variation of pPUA associated with large-size phytoplankton and dPUA, at three sites located in the Alboran Sea from mesotrophic to oligotrophic waters. The results corroborate the presence of large-size PUA producers in oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters with a significant (58%-85%) diatom biomass. In addition to diatoms, significant correlations between pPUA production and dinoflagellate and silicoflagellate abundance were observed. 2E,4E/Z-Heptadienal was the most abundant aldehyde at the three sites with higher values (17.1 fg.cell(-1)) at the most oligotrophic site. 2E,4E/Z-Decadienal was the least abundant aldehyde, decreasing toward the oligotrophic site. For the first time, we describe the daily fluctuation of pPUA attributable to cellular physiological state and not exclusively to taxonomical composition. Our results demonstrate the persistence of threshold levels of dPUA deep in the water column, as well as the different chromatographic profiles of dPUA compared with pPUA. We propose different isomerization processes that alter the chemical structure of the released PUAs with unknown effects on their stability, biological function, and potential bioactivity"
Keywords:		"Aldehydes/*chemistry Biomass Chlorophyll/chemistry Diatoms/chemistry Dinoflagellida/chemistry Eutrophication Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/*chemistry/pharmacology Mediterranean Sea Phytoplankton/chemistry/classification Water Microbiology Alboran Sea diatoms o;"
Notes:		"MedlineBartual, Ana Hernanz-Torrijos, Maria Sala, Iria Ortega, Maria J Gonzalez-Garcia, Cristina Bolado-Penagos, Marina Lopez-Urrutia, Angel Romero-Martinez, Leonardo Lubian, Luis M Bruno, Miguel Echevarria, Fidel Garcia, Carlos M eng CTM2013-49048-C2-1-R-f/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/ RTI2018-101272-B-I00/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/ Switzerland 2020/03/18 Mar Drugs. 2020 Mar 12; 18(3):159. doi: 10.3390/md18030159"