| Title: | Mosquito host preferences affect their response to synthetic and natural odour blends |
| Author(s): | Busula AO; Takken W; Loy DE; Hahn BH; Mukabana WR; Verhulst NO; |
| Address: | "International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. obukosia@yahoo.com. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands. obukosia@yahoo.com. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands. willem.takken@wur.nl. Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6076, USA. eloy@mail.med.upenn.edu. Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6076, USA. bhahn@mail.med.upenn.edu. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. rmukabana@yahoo.co.uk. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. rmukabana@yahoo.co.uk. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands. niels.verhulst@wur.nl" |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12936-015-0635-1 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1475-2875 (Electronic) 1475-2875 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: The anthropophilic malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (hereafter termed Anopheles gambiae) primarily takes blood meals from humans, whereas its close sibling Anopheles arabiensis is more opportunistic. Previous studies have identified several compounds that play a critical role in the odour-mediated behaviour of An. gambiae. This study determined the effect of natural and synthetic odour blends on mosquitoes with different host preferences to better understand the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes and the potential of synthetic odour blends for standardized monitoring. METHODS: Odour blends were initially tested for their attractiveness to An. gambiae and An. arabiensis in a semi-field system with MM-X traps baited with natural and synthetic odours. Natural host odours were collected from humans, cows and chickens. The synthetic odour blends consisted of three or five previously identified compounds released with carbon dioxide. These studies were continued under natural conditions where odour blends were tested outdoors to determine their effect on species with different host preferences. RESULTS: In the semi-field experiments, human odour attracted significantly higher numbers of both mosquito species. However, An. arabiensis was also attracted to cow and chicken odours, which confirms its opportunistic behaviour. A five-component synthetic blend was highly attractive to both mosquito species. In the field, the synthetic odour blend caught significantly more An. funestus than traps baited with human odour, while no difference was found for An. arabiensis. Catches of An. arabiensis and Culex spp. contained large numbers of blood-fed mosquitoes, mostly from cows, which indicates that these mosquitoes had fed outdoors. CONCLUSIONS: Different odour baits elicit varying responses among mosquito species. Synthetic odour blends are highly effective for trapping mosquitoes; however, not all mosquitoes respond equally to the same odour blend. Combining fermenting molasses with synthetic blends in a trap represents the most effective tool to catch blood-fed mosquitoes outside houses, which is essential for understanding outdoor malaria transmission" |
| Keywords: | Animals Anopheles/*drug effects/*physiology Cattle Chickens Culex/*drug effects/*physiology Feeding Behavior/drug effects Female Host Specificity Humans Male Odorants Pheromones/*metabolism; |
| Notes: | "MedlineBusula, Annette O Takken, Willem Loy, Dorothy E Hahn, Beatrice H Mukabana, Wolfgang R Verhulst, Niels O eng P30 AI045008/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI091595/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ T32 AI007532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2015/04/19 Malar J. 2015 Mar 28; 14:133. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0635-1" |
