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PLoS One

Title:		Evolutionary analysis of KED-rich proteins in plants
Author(s):		Zhang XH; Swait D; Jin XL; Vichyavichien P; Nifakos N; Kaplan N; Raymond L; Harlin JM;
Address:		"Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America. Penta 5, USA, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America"
Journal Title:		PLoS One
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230308
Issue:		3
Page Number:		e0279772 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pone.0279772
ISSN/ISBN:		1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)
Abstract:		"During the course of evolution, organisms have developed genetic mechanisms in response to various environmental stresses including wounding from mechanical damage or herbivory-caused injury. A previous study of wounding response in the plant tobacco identified a unique wound-induced gene, aptly named KED due to its coding for a protein that has an unusually high content of amino acids lysine (K), glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D). However, by far little is known about this intriguing gene. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary aspects of the KED-rich coding genes. We found that a consistent pattern of wound-induced KED gene expression is maintained across representative species of angiosperm and gymnosperm. KED genes can be identified in species from all groups of land plants (Embryophyta). All the KED proteins from vascular plants (Tracheophyta) including angiosperm, gymnosperm, fern and lycophyte share a conserved 19-amino acid domain near the C-terminus, whereas bryophytes (moss, liverwort and hornwort) possess KED-rich, multi-direct-repeat sequences that are distinct from the vascular plant KEDs. We detected KED-rich sequences in Charophyta species but not in Chlorophyta wherever genome sequences are available. Our studies suggest diverse and complex evolution pathways for land plant KED genes. Vascular plant KEDs exhibit high evolutionary conservation, implicating their shared function in response to wounding stress. The extraordinary enrichment of amino acids K, E and D in these groups of distinct and widely distributed proteins may reflect the structural and functional requirement for these three residues during some 600 million years of land plant evolution"
Keywords:		"*Plants/genetics/metabolism *Embryophyta/genetics Plant Proteins/metabolism Genes, Plant Cycadopsida/genetics Amino Acids/genetics Phylogeny Evolution, Molecular;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Xing-Hai Swait, David Jin, Xiao-Lu Vichyavichien, Paveena Nifakos, Nicholas Kaplan, Noah Raymond, Lucwilerna Harlin, John M eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2023/03/09 PLoS One. 2023 Mar 8; 18(3):e0279772. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279772. eCollection 2023"