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Sci Total Environ

Title:		"Characteristics and sources of ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at a regional background site, YRD region, China: Significant influence of solvent evaporation during hot months"
Author(s):		Xu Z; Zou Q; Jin L; Shen Y; Shen J; Xu B; Qu F; Zhang F; Xu J; Pei X; Xie G; Kuang B; Huang X; Tian X; Wang Z;
Address:		"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, 310058, China. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China. Electronic address: wangzhibin@zju.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2023
Volume:		20221022
Issue:		Pt 3
Page Number:		159674 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159674
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Continuous measurement of 98 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted during 2017-2019 at a regional background site (Shanxi) located at northeast of Zhejiang Province, YRD region, China. The average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 25.4 +/- 18.4 ppbv, and an increasing trend (+12.2 %) was observed. Alkanes were the most abundant VOC group among all seasons, accounting for 43.5 % of TVOCs. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), aromatics, halides and alkenes contributed 15.9 %, 15.7 %, 11.7 % and 10.3 % of TVOCs concentration, respectively. Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) and OVOCs showed distinguished diurnal cycle from primary anthropogenic VOCs. Photochemical reactivity analysis based on ozone formation potential (OFP) and OH loss rate (L(OH)) indicated that aromatics and alkenes were the most significant contributor, respectively. Toluene, xylene (m/p- and o-), ethene and propene were the largest contributor of annual OFP, with the mean OFP being 33.8 +/- 44.3 mug.m(-3), 31.9 +/- 32.1 mug.m(-3), 9.29 +/- 11.4 mug.m(-3), 22.1 +/- 21.3 mug.m(-3) and 12.8 +/- 19.5 mug.m(-3), respectively. Seven sources were identified with positive matrix factorization (PMF): petrochemical industry (13.8 %), biogenic emission (1.0 %), solvent usage-toluene (16.9 %), vehicular exhaust (43.8 %), Integrated circuits industry (3.8 %), solvent usage-C8 aromatics (10.9 %), and gasoline evaporation (9.8 %). Vehicular exhaust was the most significant source (43.8 %) during the whole measurement period. Solvent usage, petrochemical industry, and gasoline evaporation showed high temperature dependency. The integrated contribution of solvent usage and industrial processes were higher than vehicular exhaust during hot months. These sources also have higher chemical reactivities and can contribute more on O(3) formation. Our results are helpful on determining the control strategies aiming at alleviating O(3) pollution"
Keywords:		*Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis Solvents/analysis Gasoline/analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Vehicle Emissions/analysis *Ozone/analysis Alkenes/analysis China Toluene/analysis Biogenic emission Long-term measurement S;
Notes:		"MedlineXu, Zhengning Zou, Qiaoli Jin, Lingling Shen, Yemin Shen, Jiasi Xu, Bingye Qu, Fangqi Zhang, Fei Xu, Jiawei Pei, Xiangyu Xie, Guangzhao Kuang, Binyu Huang, Xin Tian, Xudong Wang, Zhibin eng Netherlands 2022/10/26 Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 20; 857(Pt 3):159674. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159674. Epub 2022 Oct 22"