| Title: | Are natural deep eutectic solvents always a sustainable option? A bioassay-based study |
| Author(s): | Vieira Sanches M; Freitas R; Oliva M; Mero A; De Marchi L; Cuccaro A; Fumagalli G; Mezzetta A; Colombo Dugoni G; Ferro M; Mele A; Guazzelli L; Pretti C; |
| Address: | "Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Interuniversitary Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology of Leghorn 'G. Bacci', 57128, Leghorn, Italy. Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta, Politecnico Di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, Italy. Interuniversitary Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology of Leghorn 'G. Bacci', 57128, Leghorn, Italy. carlo.pretti@unipi.it. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122, Pisa, Italy. carlo.pretti@unipi.it" |
| Journal Title: | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-022-23362-5 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Print) 0944-1344 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). More recently, developments in the field of Green Chemistry are focusing on the design of more sustainable and cost-effective solvent alternatives like Ionic Liquids (ILs), bio-based solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). The present study aimed at performing an ecotoxicological screening of 15 NADESs using an extensive set of marine and freshwater bioassays, based on different endpoints as the following: immobilization of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, larval development alterations on the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus and bioluminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. What emerged was a general absence of toxicity of all samples. However, both algal assays showed a certain degree of biostimulation, up to over 100% growth increase in respect to controls with 8 out of 15 compounds tested with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Despite NADESs-induced negligible toxicity effects to invertebrates, encouraging their labelling as 'sustainable' solvents, the liability of their intentional or accidental release into aquatic systems may represent a serious risk in terms of ecosystem functioning impairments" |
| Keywords: | Deep Eutectic Solvents Ecosystem Solvents/chemistry *Ionic Liquids/toxicity/chemistry *Chlorophyceae Biological Assay Eutrophication Freshwater Marine water Microalgae pH-dependant effects; |
| Notes: | "MedlineVieira Sanches, Matilde Freitas, Rosa Oliva, Matteo Mero, Angelica De Marchi, Lucia Cuccaro, Alessia Fumagalli, Giorgia Mezzetta, Andrea Colombo Dugoni, Greta Ferro, Monica Mele, Andrea Guazzelli, Lorenzo Pretti, Carlo eng FONDI DI ATENEO/Universita di Pisa/ Germany 2022/10/04 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb; 30(7):17268-17279. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23362-5. Epub 2022 Oct 4" |
