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Sensors (Basel)

Title:		Non-Invasive Detection and Staging of Colorectal Cancer Using a Portable Electronic Nose
Author(s):		Tyagi H; Daulton E; Bannaga AS; Arasaradnam RP; Covington JA;
Address:		"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. School of Health Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK. Leicester Cancer Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"
Journal Title:		Sensors (Basel)
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210812
Issue:		16
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/s21165440
ISSN/ISBN:		1424-8220 (Electronic) 1424-8220 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Electronic noses (e-nose) offer potential for the detection of cancer in its early stages. The ability to analyse samples in real time, at a low cost, applying easy-to-use and portable equipment, gives e-noses advantages over other technologies, such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). For diseases such as cancer with a high mortality, a technology that can provide fast results for use in routine clinical applications is important. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the highest occurring cancers and has high mortality rates, if diagnosed late. In our study, we investigated the use of portable electronic nose (PEN3), with further analysis using GC-TOF-MS, for the analysis of gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to profile the urinary metabolome of colorectal cancer. We also compared the different cancer stages with non-cancers using the PEN3 and GC-TOF-MS. Results obtained from PEN3, and GC-TOF-MS demonstrated high accuracy for the separation of CRC and non-cancer. PEN3 separated CRC from non-cancerous group with 0.81 AUC (Area Under the Curve). We used data from GC-TOF-MS to obtain a VOC profile for CRC, which identified 23 potential biomarker VOCs for CRC. Thus, the PEN3 and GC-TOF-MS were found to successfully separate the cancer group from the non-cancer group"
Keywords:		*Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis Electronic Nose Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Metabolome *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Gc-tof-ms Pen3 VOCs colorectal cancer;
Notes:		"MedlineTyagi, Heena Daulton, Emma Bannaga, Ayman S Arasaradnam, Ramesh P Covington, James A eng Switzerland 2021/08/29 Sensors (Basel). 2021 Aug 12; 21(16):5440. doi: 10.3390/s21165440"