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J Evol Biol

Title:		Floral isolation is the major reproductive barrier between a pair of rewarding orchid sister species
Author(s):		Sun M; Schluter PM; Gross K; Schiestl FP;
Address:		"Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"
Journal Title:		J Evol Biol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20150105
Issue:		1
Page Number:		117 - 129
DOI:		10.1111/jeb.12544
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-9101 (Electronic) 1010-061X (Linking)
Abstract:		"The crucial role of reproductive isolation in speciation has long been recognized; however, a limited number of studies quantify different isolation barriers and embed reproductive isolation in a phylogenetic context. In this study, we investigate reproductive isolation between the often sympatrically occurring orchid species, Gymnadenia conopsea and G. odoratissima. We examine the phylogenetic relationship between the two species and analyse floral isolation, fruit set and seed viability from interspecies crosses, as well as the ploidy level. Additionally, we quantify interspecies differences in floral signals and morphology. The results suggest that the two species have a sister-species relationship. In terms of reproductive isolation, we found complete floral isolation between the two species, but little to no post-pollination isolation; the species also mostly had the same ploidy level in the studied populations. We also show clear distinctions in floral signals, as well as in floral size and spur length. We propose that respective adaptation to short- vs. long-tongued pollinators was the driver of speciation in the here studied Gymnadenia species. Our study supports the key role of floral isolation in orchid speciation and shows that floral isolation is not restricted to highly specialized pollination systems, but can also occur between species with less specialized pollination"
Keywords:		"*Flowers/anatomy & histology/physiology Genetic Speciation Molecular Sequence Data Orchidaceae/*physiology Phylogeny Pigmentation Pollination Polyploidy Quantitative Trait, Heritable *Reproductive Isolation Seeds/physiology Switzerland Sympatry floral sce;"
Notes:		"MedlineSun, M Schluter, P M Gross, K Schiestl, F P eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2014/11/11 J Evol Biol. 2015 Jan; 28(1):117-29. doi: 10.1111/jeb.12544. Epub 2015 Jan 5"