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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		"Investigation on air quality of specific indoor environments-spa salons located in Gdynia, Poland"
Author(s):		Pytel K; Marcinkowska R; Zabiegala B;
Address:		"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland. renata.marcinkowska@pg.edu.pl"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2021
Volume:		20200713
Issue:		42
Page Number:		59214 - 59232
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-020-09860-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Print) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Due to excessive application of essential oils and scented products in spa salons during aromatherapy and massage sessions, the elevated concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particularly terpenes, which are known as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, is expected there. This study was aimed at determination of VOCs with a particular regard to terpenes in air samples collected in selected spa salons located in Northern Poland. Active air sampling was conducted before and after treatments. Samples were analyzed with the use of thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with flame-ionization detector (TD-GC-FID) and mass spectrometer (TD-GC-MS). Obtained results allowed to characterize chemical composition of indoor air of spa salons and also to relate the dependence between applied essential oil and indoor air chemical composition. It has been proved that (i) spa salons are characterized by TVOC concentrations exceeding recommended values of 300-400 mug m(-3) in most of examined cases, reaching up to several thousand of micrograms per cubic meter, (ii) TVOC concentration is strictly related to salon characteristics and carried out treatments, (iii) terpenes constitute a significant part of TVOCs present in spa indoor air, from 22 up to 86%, (iv) most commonly investigated terpenes in the literature (D-limonene, alpha-pinene, camphene, and linalool) were also determined at the highest concentration levels in this study and (v) VOC chemical composition is strictly dependent on the type of applied essential oils. On the basis of obtained results, it may be stated that extensive application of essential oils rich in terpenes can significantly alter indoor air chemistry of spa salons, thereby influencing health and well-being of employees working there. Graphical abstract"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Environmental Monitoring Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Poland Terpenes/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Aromatherapy Essential oils Indoor air Indoor air quality Spa salons Terpenes Volat;"
Notes:		"MedlinePytel, Klaudia Marcinkowska, Renata Zabiegala, Bozena eng Germany 2020/07/15 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Nov; 28(42):59214-59232. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09860-4. Epub 2020 Jul 13"