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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Air Quality Impact of Diffuse and Inefficient Combustion Emissions in Africa (DICE-Africa)
Author(s):		Marais EA; Wiedinmyer C;
Address:		"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States. National Center for Atmospheric Research , Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160923
Issue:		19
Page Number:		10739 - 10745
DOI:		10.1021/acs.est.6b02602
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Anthropogenic pollution in Africa is dominated by diffuse and inefficient combustion sources, as electricity access is low and motorcycles and outdated cars proliferate. These sources are missing, out-of-date, or misrepresented in state-of-the-science emission inventories. We address these deficiencies with a detailed inventory of Diffuse and Inefficient Combustion Emissions in Africa (DICE-Africa) for 2006 and 2013. Fuelwood for energy is the largest emission source in DICE-Africa, but grows from 2006 to 2013 at a slower rate than charcoal production and use, and gasoline and diesel for motorcycles, cars, and generators. Only kerosene use and gas flaring decline. Increase in emissions from 2006 to 2013 in this work is consistent with trends in satellite observations of formaldehyde and NO(2), but much slower than the explosive growth projected with a fuel consumption model. Seasonal biomass burning is considered a large pollution source in Africa, but we estimate comparable emissions of black carbon and higher emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from DICE-Africa. Nitrogen oxide (NO(x) identical with NO + NO(2)) emissions are much lower than from biomass burning. We use GEOS-Chem to estimate that the largest contribution of DICE-Africa to annual mean surface fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is >5 mug m(-3) in populous Nigeria"
Keywords:		Africa *Air Pollutants *Environmental Monitoring Particulate Matter Soot Vehicle Emissions;
Notes:		"MedlineMarais, Eloise A Wiedinmyer, Christine eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2016/09/10 Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Oct 4; 50(19):10739-10745. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02602. Epub 2016 Sep 23"