« Previous AbstractLevels of pollutants in indoor air and respiratory health in preschool children: a systematic review    Next AbstractDefense Enzyme Responses in Dormant Wild Oat and Wheat Caryopses Challenged with a Seed Decay Pathogen »

J Air Waste Manag Assoc

Title:		"Estimation of atmospheric emissions from maritime activity in the Veracruz port, Mexico"
Author(s):		Fuentes Garcia G; Baldasano Recio JM; Sosa Echeverria R; Granados Hernandez E; Zamora Vargas E; Antonio Duran R; Kahl JW;
Address:		"Department of Earth Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Engineering Design, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Seccion de Contaminacion Ambiental (UNAM-CCA-SCA), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro Tecnologico-FES Aragon, Laboratorio de Ingenieria Ambiental, Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Posgrado de la Facultad de Ingenieria, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico. Department of Mathematical Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"
Journal Title:		J Air Waste Manag Assoc
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210419
Issue:		8
Page Number:		934 - 948
DOI:		10.1080/10962247.2021.1902421
ISSN/ISBN:		2162-2906 (Electronic) 1096-2247 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The port of Veracruz is one of the most important ports in Mexico and is currently in the process of a major expansion. The new port area, 'Bahia Norte', will be three times larger than the current port, 'Bahia Sur'. Atmospheric emissions from the Veracruz port system, specifically from the engines of ships undergoing maneuvering and hotelling operations, were determined on a daily basis from 2018 to 2019 for sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), particles (PM), particles smaller than 10 micrometers (PM(10)), particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM(2.5)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)). A bottom-up method was used to estimate the atmospheric emissions, based on official data from the European Environment Agency. The method utilizes on technical information on the type of ship, the power of the main engine (ME) and auxiliary engine (AE), load factor, specific fuel consumption, and spent time in the maneuvering and hotelling phases. The highest atmospheric emissions occurred in the hotelling phase. For the 'Bahia Sur' emissions (Mg/year) were 328.6, 993.3, 122.3, 30.6, 22.9, 19.1, 18.5 and 52,723.4 for SO(2), NO(x), CO, NMVOC, PM, PM(10), PM(2.5) and CO(2), respectively. For 'Bahia Norte' the corresponding emissions were 43.9, 132.7, 16.3, 4.1, 3.1, 2.5, 2.3 and 7,040.9, also in the hotelling phase. The average combined of the atmospheric emissions from maneuvering and hotelling phases (Mg/year) were 1.18, 3.49, 0.44, 0.13, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, and 189.23 for SO(2), NO(x), CO, NMVOC, PM, PM(10), PM(2.5) and CO(2), respectively. During the 2018-2019 period of the study the 'Bahia Sur' contributed ~87% and the 'Bahia Norte' ~13% of the atmospheric emissions.Implications: The atmospheric emissions reported in this study can be used for the simulation of air quality considering environmental or photochemical pollution models, since atmospheric emissions are reported on a daily basis and compliance with air quality can be monitored considering the reference-concentration established by the Official Mexican Standards in order to propose prevention, minimization and control measures. In addition, the analysis of the information that was carried out in this study may be applied to other port systems in Mexico that are located on the Pacific coast and the Gulf-Caribbean"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution/analysis Environmental Monitoring Mexico Particulate Matter/analysis Vehicle Emissions/analysis;
Notes:		"MedlineFuentes Garcia, Gilberto Baldasano Recio, Jose Maria Sosa Echeverria, Rodolfo Granados Hernandez, Elias Zamora Vargas, Eduardo Antonio Duran, Rafael Kahl, Jonathan W eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2021/03/13 J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2021 Aug; 71(8):934-948. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1902421. Epub 2021 Apr 19"