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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Adsorption of phenanthrene on natural snow
Author(s):		Domine F; Cincinelli A; Bonnaud E; Martellini T; Picaud S;
Address:		"CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ggophysique de l'Environnement, BP 96, 38402 Saint-Martin d'Heres Cedex, France. florent@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2007
Volume:		41
Issue:		17
Page Number:		6033 - 6038
DOI:		10.1021/es0706798
ISSN/ISBN:		0013-936X (Print) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"The snowpack is a reservoir for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and, in particular, for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are sequestered in winter and released to the atmosphere or hydrosphere in the spring. Modeling these processes usually assumes that SVOCs are incorporated into the snowpack by adsorption to snow surfaces, but this has never been proven because the specific surface area (SSA) of snow has never been measured together with snow composition. Here we expose natural snow to phenanthrene vapors (one of the more volatile POPs) and measure for the first time both the SSA and the chemical composition of the snow. The results are consistent with an adsorption equilibrium. The measured Henry's law constant is H(Phen)(T) = 2.88 x 10(22) exp(-10660/7) Pa m2 mol(-1), with Tin Kelvin. The adsorption enthalpy is delta H(ads) = -89 +/- 18 kJ mol(-1). We also perform molecular dynamics calculations of phenanthrene adsorption to ice and obtain AHads = -85 +/- 8 kJ mol(-1), close to the experimental value. Results are applied to the adsorption of phenanthrene to the Arctic and subarctic snowpacks. The subarctic snowpack, with a low snow area index (SAI = 1000), is a negligible reservoir of phenanthrene, butthe colder Arctic snowpack, with SAI = 2500, sequesters most of the phenanthrene present in the (snow + boundary layer) system"
Keywords:		"Adsorption *Algorithms Arctic Regions Atmosphere *Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants/*analysis/chemistry Models, Theoretical Phenanthrenes/*analysis/chemistry Seasons Snow/*chemistry Volatilization;"
Notes:		"MedlineDomine, Florent Cincinelli, Alessandra Bonnaud, Elodie Martellini, Tania Picaud, Sylvain eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2007/10/17 Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Sep 1; 41(17):6033-8. doi: 10.1021/es0706798"