| Title: | Cannabis Cultivation Facilities: A Review of Their Air Quality Impacts from the Occupational to Community Scale |
| Author(s): | de Ferreyro Monticelli D; Bhandari S; Eykelbosh A; Henderson SB; Giang A; Zimmerman N; |
| Address: | "Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4. Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "This review addresses knowledge gaps in cannabis cultivation facility (CCF) air emissions by synthesizing the peer-reviewed and gray literature. Focus areas include compounds emitted, air quality indoors and outdoors, odor assessment, and the potential health effects of emitted compounds. Studies suggest that beta-myrcene is a tracer candidate for CCF biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Furthermore, beta-myrcene, d-limonene, terpinolene, and alpha-pinene are often reported in air samples collected in and around CCF facilities. The BVOC emission strength per dry weight of plant is higher than most conventional agriculture crops. Nevertheless, reported total CCF BVOC emissions are lower compared with VOCs from other industries. Common descriptors of odors coming from CCFs include 'skunky', 'herbal', and 'pungent'. However, there are few peer-reviewed studies addressing the odor impacts of CCFs outdoors. Atmospheric modeling has been limited to back trajectory models of tracers and ozone impact assessment. Health effects of CCFs are mostly related to odor annoyance or occupational hazards. We identify 16 opportunities for future studies, including an emissions database by strain and stage of life (growing cycle) and odor-related setback guidelines. Exploration and implementation of key suggestions presented in this work may help regulators and the industry reduce the environmental footprint of CCF facilities" |
| Keywords: | *Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution *Cannabis Limonene *Ozone/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds Bvoc Cannabis Cultivation Emissions Odor Terpenes; |
| Notes: | "Medlinede Ferreyro Monticelli, Davi Bhandari, Sahil Eykelbosh, Angela Henderson, Sarah B Giang, Amanda Zimmerman, Naomi eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review 2022/02/10 Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Mar 1; 56(5):2880-2896. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06372. Epub 2022 Feb 9" |
