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J Invertebr Pathol

Title:		Pheromone extracts act as boosters for entomopathogenic nematodes efficacy
Author(s):		Oliveira-Hofman C; Kaplan F; Stevens G; Lewis E; Wu S; Alborn HT; Perret-Gentil A; Shapiro-Ilan DI;
Address:		"USDA-ARS, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA 31008, USA. Pheronym, Inc., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA. Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. USDA-ARS, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA 31008, USA. Electronic address: David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov"
Journal Title:		J Invertebr Pathol
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190426
Issue:
Page Number:		38 - 42
DOI:		10.1016/j.jip.2019.04.008
ISSN/ISBN:		1096-0805 (Electronic) 0022-2011 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Inconsistency in entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) efficacy is still one of the biggest challenges for the wider adoption of EPNs as biocontrol agents. Previous studies demonstrated that extracts from EPN-infected hosts enhance dispersal and efficacy, two key factors in success of EPNs. Some active components in the insect host cadavers responsible for dispersal, ascarosides, have been identified as nematode pheromones. We hypothesized that pheromone extracts increase dispersal of EPN infective juveniles (IJs) leading to increased efficacy. First, we determined whether pheromone extracts improved IJ movement/dispersal in soil columns baited with Tenebrio molitor larvae. We found that pheromone extracts induced higher numbers of Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae IJs to move towards T. molitor larvae in the bottom of the column compared to IJs treated with infected cadaver macerate and water, positive and negative controls, respectively. Furthermore, the number of S. carpocapsae IJs that invaded T. molitor larvae was higher for the pheromone extract treatment than the controls. S. feltiae IJs that were pretreated with pheromone extracts and macerate (positive control) infected T. molitor at the same rate but invasion was superior to IJs that were treated with water. Consistent with the soil column tests, both S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae IJs treated with pheromone extracts performed better in killing larvae of two economically important insect larvae, pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, and black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, in greenhouse tests compared to IJs treated with water. We demonstrated pheromone-mediated behavioral manipulation of a biological control agent to enhance pest control potential. Conceivably, nematodes can be exposed to efficacy-enhancing pheromones prior to field application"
Keywords:		"Animals Biological Assay Biological Control Agents Diptera/parasitology Larva/parasitology Moths/parasitology Pest Control, Biological *Pheromones *Rhabditida/pathogenicity Rhabditida Infections/*parasitology Soil/parasitology Weevils/parasitology Ascaros;"
Notes:		"MedlineOliveira-Hofman, Camila Kaplan, Fatma Stevens, Glen Lewis, Edwin Wu, Shaohui Alborn, Hans T Perret-Gentil, Abigail Shapiro-Ilan, David I eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2019/04/30 J Invertebr Pathol. 2019 Jun; 164:38-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 26"