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Fish Shellfish Immunol

Title:		Immune response in sexual inverted and non-inverted Nile tilapia fingerlings supplemented with organic acid and essential oil
Author(s):		Casetta J; Gasparino E; Isabela da Silva C; Ribeiro RP; Braccini GL; Refundini G; de Souza Khatlab A; Lala B; Claudino-Silva S;
Address:		"Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil. Postgraduate Program in Food Science, CCA-PPC, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil. Department of Agribusiness and Gastronomy, UniCesumar, Maringa, Brazil. Department of Veterinary Medicine, UniCesumar, Maringa, Brazil. Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Amazon, Capitao Poco, Brazil; Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil. Electronic address: bruno.lala@ufra.edu.br"
Journal Title:		Fish Shellfish Immunol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220719
Issue:
Page Number:		975 - 981
DOI:		10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.023
ISSN/ISBN:		1095-9947 (Electronic) 1050-4648 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The development and intensification of tilapia farming depends on the manipulation of some physiological functions, such as the sexual inversion of larvae using a synthetic androgen (17alpha-methyltestosterone). This inversion, however, may represent a potential oxidative stress factor and cause damage to animals in the short, medium, and long term. Dietary supplementation of natural antioxidant compounds is an interesting alternative to combat such damage. To test this hypothesis, an experimental trial was carried out involving sexual inverted and non-inverted Nile tilapia fingerlings, both supplemented and not supplemented with a blend of organic acids and essential oils protected by microencapsulation. Animals were divided into four experimental groups: NI (non-inverted animals), I (sexual inverted animals), NI + M (non-inverted animals supplemented with microcapsules), and I + M (sexual inverted animals supplemented with microcapsules). Blood parameters (WBC - white blood cells; LY - lymphocytes; RBC - red blood cells; HGB - hemoglobin; HCT - hematocrit number; MCH - mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCV - mean corpuscular volume and MCHC - mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), as well as oxidative stress markers (enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase - SOD and catalase - CAT; and total antioxidant capacity - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH)) and gene expression (heat shock protein 70 kDa - HSP70) were evaluated. The HGB (p < 0.001) and HCT (p = 0.005) parameters were reduced beyond the recommended limits for the animals in group I. The MCV varied statistically between the groups (p < 0.001). However, all values were within the recommended range for the species, jointly indicating normocytic anemia in group I fingerlings at the time of collection. The activity of CAT and SOD, as well as DPPH differed statistically between the experimental groups (p < 0.001), with the lowest SOD and CAT activity, as well as the highest DPPH registered in animals supplemented with microcapsules. The expression of HSP70 was lower in I + MI animals (p < 0.001). The synergistic evaluation of the results indicates that animals sexual inverted during the larval stage have a lower total antioxidant capacity in the fingerling stage, which reflects a worsening in hematological and enzymatic parameters related to immunity; and that dietary supplementation with blend of organic acids and essential oils protected by microencapsulation is sufficient to improve the immunological response both in sexual inverted and non-inverted fingerlings"
Keywords:		"Animals Animal Feed/analysis Antioxidants/metabolism Capsules/metabolism *Cichlids Diet Dietary Supplements Immunity *Oils, Volatile/metabolism Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism Enzymatic activity Fish hematology Hsp70 Oreochromis niloticus Protein oxidatio;"
Notes:		"MedlineCasetta, Jaisa Gasparino, Eliane Isabela da Silva, Caroline Ribeiro, Ricardo Pereira Braccini, Graciela Lucca Refundini, Gislaine de Souza Khatlab, Angelica Lala, Bruno Claudino-Silva, Stefania eng Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary England 2022/07/22 Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Aug; 127:975-981. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.023. Epub 2022 Jul 19"