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J Cell Sci

Title:		Dauer pheromone and G-protein signaling modulate the coordination of intraflagellar transport kinesin motor proteins in C. elegans
Author(s):		Burghoorn J; Dekkers MP; Rademakers S; de Jong T; Willemsen R; Swoboda P; Jansen G;
Address:		"Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"
Journal Title:		J Cell Sci
Year:		2010
Volume:		20100525
Issue:		Pt 12
Page Number:		2077 - 2084
DOI:		10.1242/jcs.062885
ISSN/ISBN:		1477-9137 (Electronic) 0021-9533 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Cilia length and function are dynamically regulated by modulation of intraflagellar transport (IFT). The cilia of C. elegans amphid channel neurons provide an excellent model to study this process, since they use two different kinesins for anterograde transport: kinesin-II and OSM-3 kinesin together in the cilia middle segments, but only OSM-3 in the distal segments. To address whether sensory signaling modulates the coordination of the kinesins, we studied IFT protein motility in gpa-3 mutant animals, since dominant active mutation of this sensory Galpha protein GPA-3QL) affects cilia length. In addition, we examined animals exposed to dauer pheromone, since dauer formation, which involves gpa-3, induces changes in cilia morphology. Live imaging of fluorescently tagged IFT proteins showed that in gpa-3 mutants and in larvae exposed to dauer pheromone, kinesin-II speed is decreased and OSM-3 speed is increased, whereas structural IFT proteins move at an intermediate speed. These results indicate that mutation of gpa-3 and exposure to dauer pheromone partially uncouple the two kinesins. We propose a model in which GPA-3-regulated docking of kinesin-II and/or OSM-3 determines entry of IFT particles into the cilia subdomains, allowing structural and functional plasticity of cilia in response to environmental cues"
Keywords:		"Animals Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*metabolism Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Cilia/genetics/*metabolism GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics/*metabolism Kinesins/genetics/*metabolism Pheromones/*metabolism Protein;"
Notes:		"MedlineBurghoorn, Jan Dekkers, Martijn P J Rademakers, Suzanne de Jong, Ton Willemsen, Rob Swoboda, Peter Jansen, Gert eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2010/05/27 J Cell Sci. 2010 Jun 15; 123(Pt 12):2077-84. doi: 10.1242/jcs.062885. Epub 2010 May 25"