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J Adv Res

Title:		An odorant binding protein is involved in counteracting detection-avoidance and Toll-pathway innate immunity
Author(s):		Zhang W; Xie M; Eleftherianos I; Mohamed A; Cao Y; Song B; Zang LS; Jia C; Bian J; Keyhani NO; Xia Y;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China; School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China. Electronic address: wzhang9@gzu.edu.cn. School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China. Infection and Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Electronic address: keyhani@ufl.edu. School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China. Electronic address: yuxianxia@cqu.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		J Adv Res
Year:		2023
Volume:		20220905
Issue:
Page Number:		1 - 16
DOI:		10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.013
ISSN/ISBN:		2090-1224 (Electronic) 2090-1232 (Print) 2090-1224 (Linking)
Abstract:		"INTRODUCTION: Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are a class of small molecular weight soluble proteins that exist as expanded gene families in all insects, acting as ligand carriers mediating olfaction and other physiological processes. During fungal infection, a subset of insect OBPs were shown to be differentially expressed. OBJECTIVES: We tested whether the altered expression of insect OBPs during pathogenic infection plays a role in behavioral or immune interactions between insect hosts and their pathogens. METHODS: A wide range of techniques including RNAi-directed knockdown, heterologous protein expression, electrophysiological/behavioral analyses, transcriptomics, gut microbiome analyses, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry ion monitoring, were used to characterize the function of a locust OBP in host behavioral and immune responses. RESULTS: The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae produces the volatile compound phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) that causes behavioral avoidance in locusts. This is mediated by the locust odorant binding protein 11 (LmOBP11). Expression of LmOBP11 is induced by M. anisopliae infection and PEA treatment. LmOBP11 participates in insect detection of the fungal-produced PEA and avoidance of PEA-contaminated food, but the upregulation of LmOBP11 upon M. anisopliae infection negatively affects the insect immune responses to ultimately benefit successful mycosis by the pathogen. RNAi knockdown of LmOBP11 increases the production of antimicrobial peptides and enhances locust resistance to M. anisopliae infection, while reducing host antennal electrophysiological responses to PEA and locust avoidance of PEA treated food. Also, transcriptomic and gut microbiome analyses reveal microbiome dysbiosis and changes in host genes involved in behavior and immunity. These results are consistent with the elevated expression of LmOBP11 leading to enhanced volatile detection and suppression of immune responses. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a crosstalk between olfaction and immunity, indicating manipulation of host OBPs as a novel target exploited by fungal pathogens to alter immune activation and thus promote the successful infection of the host"
Keywords:		"Animals Odorants Insecta/microbiology *Grasshoppers/microbiology *Metarhizium/physiology *Mycoses Immunity, Innate Antimicrobial peptides Entomopathogenic fungi Insect innate immunity Locust Olfactory-mediated behaviors Volatile organic compounds (VOCs);"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Wei Xie, Mushan Eleftherianos, Ioannis Mohamed, Amr Cao, Yueqing Song, Baoan Zang, Lian-Sheng Jia, Chen Bian, Jing Keyhani, Nemat O Xia, Yuxian eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Egypt 2022/09/06 J Adv Res. 2023 Jun; 48:1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.013. Epub 2022 Sep 5"