| Title: | In Vivo Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LTP-MS) Reveals Regulation of 6-Pentyl-2H-Pyran-2-One (6-PP) as a Physiological Variable during Plant-Fungal Interaction |
| Author(s): | Torres-Ortega R; Guillen-Alonso H; Alcalde-Vazquez R; Ramirez-Chavez E; Molina-Torres J; Winkler R; |
| Address: | "Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Irapuato 36824, Mexico. UGA-Langebio, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-Leon, Irapuato 36824, Mexico. Department of Biochemical Engineering, Nacional Technological Institute, Celaya 38010, Mexico" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2218-1989 (Print) 2218-1989 (Electronic) 2218-1989 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprises a broad class of small molecules (up to ~300 g/mol) produced by biological and non-biological sources. VOCs play a vital role in an organism's metabolism during its growth, defense, and reproduction. The well-known 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP) molecule is an example of a major volatile biosynthesized by Trichoderma atroviride that modulates the expression of PIN auxin-transport proteins in primary roots of Arabidopsis thaliana during their relationship. Their beneficial relation includes lateral root formation, defense induction, and increased plant biomass production. The role of 6-PP has been widely studied due to its relevance in this cross-kingdom relationship. Conventional VOCs measurements are often destructive; samples require further preparation, and the time resolution is low (around hours). Some techniques enable at-line or real-time analyses but are highly selective to defined compounds. Due to these technical constraints, it is difficult to acquire relevant information about the dynamics of VOCs in biological systems. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization allows the analysis of a wide range of VOCs by mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, LTP-MS requires no sample preparation, is solvent-free, and enables the detection of 6-PP faster than conventional analytical methods. Applying static statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) leads to a loss of information since the biological systems are dynamic. Thus, we applied a time series analysis to find patterns in the signal changes. Our results indicate that the 6-PP signal is constitutively emitted by T. atroviride only; the signal shows high skewness and kurtosis. In A. thaliana grown alone, no signal corresponding to 6-PP is detected above the white noise level. However, during T. atroviride-A. thaliana interaction, the signal performance showed reduced skewness and kurtosis with high autocorrelation. These results suggest that 6-PP is a physiological variable that promotes homeostasis during the plant-fungal relationship. Although the molecular mechanism of this cross-kingdom control is still unknown, our study indicates that 6-PP has to be regulated by A. thaliana during their interaction" |
| Keywords: | Aims ltp-ms VOCs monitoring kurtosis time series in VOCs emissions; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINETorres-Ortega, Rosina Guillen-Alonso, Hector Alcalde-Vazquez, Raul Ramirez-Chavez, Enrique Molina-Torres, Jorge Winkler, Robert eng Conacyt-DFG 2016/277850/Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia/ Switzerland 2022/12/24 Metabolites. 2022 Dec 8; 12(12):1231. doi: 10.3390/metabo12121231" |
