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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"Aversive responses of white-tailed deer,Odocoileus virginianus, to predator urines"
Author(s):		Swihart RK; Pignatello JJ; Mattina MJ;
Address:		"Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, Box 1106, 06504, New Haven, Connecticut"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		1991
Volume:		17
Issue:		4
Page Number:		767 - 777
DOI:		10.1007/BF00994199
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"We tested whether predator odors could reduce winter browsing of woody plants by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Urine from bobcats (Lyra rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) significantly reduced browsing of Japanese yews (Taxus cuspidata), and repellency was enhanced when urine was reapplied weekly as a topical spray. Urine of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) and humans did not reduce damage, suggesting that deer do not respond aversively to odors of nonpredatory mammals or occasional predators with which they lack a long evolutionary association. Bobcat and coyote urine were more effective in tests conducted with eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), which is less palatable to white-tailed deer than Japanese yew. A dichloromethane extract of bobcat urine was as effective as unextracted urine in reducing damage to hemlocks. Testing of the organic components of bobcat urine, particularly the volatile components, may enable identification of the compounds responsible for the repellency we observed"
Keywords:
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINESwihart, R K Pignatello, J J Mattina, M J eng 1991/04/01 J Chem Ecol. 1991 Apr; 17(4):767-77. doi: 10.1007/BF00994199"