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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		Aerosol emissions of a ship diesel engine operated with diesel fuel or heavy fuel oil
Author(s):		Streibel T; Schnelle-Kreis J; Czech H; Harndorf H; Jakobi G; Jokiniemi J; Karg E; Lintelmann J; Matuschek G; Michalke B; Muller L; Orasche J; Passig J; Radischat C; Rabe R; Reda A; Ruger C; Schwemer T; Sippula O; Stengel B; Sklorz M; Torvela T; Weggler B; Zimmermann R;
Address:		"Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany. Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA-Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany. Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics (AMSD), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany. ralf.zimmermann@uni-rostock.de. Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA-Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. ralf.zimmermann@uni-rostock.de"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2017
Volume:		20160502
Issue:		12
Page Number:		10976 - 10991
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-016-6724-z
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Gaseous and particulate emissions from a ship diesel research engine were elaborately analysed by a large assembly of measurement techniques. Applied methods comprised of offline and online approaches, yielding averaged chemical and physical data as well as time-resolved trends of combustion by-products. The engine was driven by two different fuels, a commonly used heavy fuel oil (HFO) and a standardised diesel fuel (DF). It was operated in a standardised cycle with a duration of 2 h. Chemical characterisation of organic species and elements revealed higher concentrations as well as a larger number of detected compounds for HFO operation for both gas phase and particulate matter. A noteworthy exception was the concentration of elemental carbon, which was higher in DF exhaust aerosol. This may prove crucial for the assessment and interpretation of biological response and impact via the exposure of human lung cell cultures, which was carried out in parallel to this study. Offline and online data hinted at the fact that most organic species in the aerosol are transferred from the fuel as unburned material. This is especially distinctive at low power operation of HFO, where low volatility structures are converted to the particulate phase. The results of this study give rise to the conclusion that a mere switching to sulphur-free fuel is not sufficient as remediation measure to reduce health and environmental effects of ship emissions"
Keywords:		*Aerosols Air Pollutants/*analysis *Fuel Oils *Gasoline Humans Particulate Matter *Ships Vehicle Emissions/*analysis Elemental carbon Emission aerosol Heavy fuel oil Heavy metals Online measurement Organic trace compounds Ship diesel engine;
Notes:		"MedlineStreibel, Thorsten Schnelle-Kreis, Jurgen Czech, Hendryk Harndorf, Horst Jakobi, Gert Jokiniemi, Jorma Karg, Erwin Lintelmann, Jutta Matuschek, Georg Michalke, Bernhard Muller, Laarnie Orasche, Jurgen Passig, Johannes Radischat, Christian Rabe, Rom Reda, Ahmed Ruger, Christopher Schwemer, Theo Sippula, Olli Stengel, Benjamin Sklorz, Martin Torvela, Tiina Weggler, Benedikt Zimmermann, Ralf eng Germany 2016/05/04 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Apr; 24(12):10976-10991. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6724-z. Epub 2016 May 2"