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Hortic Res

Title:		"Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose, a chitin-derived oligosaccharide, transiently activates citrus defenses and alters the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid"
Author(s):		Shi Q; George J; Krystel J; Zhang S; Lapointe SL; Stelinski LL; Stover E;
Address:		"1US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA. ISNI: 0000 0004 0404 0958. GRID: grid.463419.d 2Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. ISNI: 0000 0004 1936 8091. GRID: grid.15276.37"
Journal Title:		Hortic Res
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190608
Issue:
Page Number:		76 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41438-019-0158-y
ISSN/ISBN:		2662-6810 (Print) 2052-7276 (Electronic) 2052-7276 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Plants have a perception system triggered by pathogen and pest signals to initiate defense. These signals include evolutionarily conserved molecules from microbes and insects termed pathogen/herbivore-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/HAMPs). Here we showed that hexaacetyl-chitohexaose (HC), an oligosaccharide from chitin, a structural component in insect exoskeletons and fungi cell walls, upregulated defense-associated genes WRKY22, GST1, RAR1, EDS1, PAL1 and NPR2, and downregulated ICS1 at 1 h after HC treatment in Sun Chu Sha mandarin leaves. The effect was transient as defense gene transcriptional changes were not observed at 18 h after the treatment. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings were used to study the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) following the HC treatment. ACP is the hemipteran vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB). Adult ACP displayed reduced intercellular probing, reduced xylem feeding count and duration, and increased non-probing activity on HC-treated citrus compared to controls. During an 18-h recording, percentage for total duration of xylem ingestion, phloem ingestion, intercellular probing were lower, and the percentage of non-probing behavior was higher in HC-treated leaves than in controls. In host-selection behavior studies, HC treatment did not alter the attractiveness of citrus leaves under light or dark conditions. In addition, ACP feeding on HC-treated leaves did not show differences in mortality for up to 10 day of exposure. In summary, we report that HC induced a transient defense in citrus and an inhibitory effect on ACP feeding but did not affect host selection or the insect fitness under the tested conditions"
Keywords:		Pattern recognition receptors in plants Plant signalling;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEShi, Qingchun George, Justin Krystel, Joseph Zhang, Shujian Lapointe, Stephen L Stelinski, Lukasz L Stover, Ed eng England 2019/06/25 Hortic Res. 2019 Jun 8; 6:76. doi: 10.1038/s41438-019-0158-y. eCollection 2019"