| Title: | Current knowledge and future research perspectives on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) chemical defenses: An agroecological view |
| Author(s): | Pinto-Zevallos DM; Pareja M; Ambrogi BG; |
| Address: | "Laboratorio de Ecologia Quimica, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil. Electronic address: delia.pintozevallos@gmail.com. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6109, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Laboratorio de Ecologia Quimica, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.05.013 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-3700 (Electronic) 0031-9422 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. It constitutes the major source of carbohydrates for millions of low-income people living in rural areas, as well as a cash crop for smallholders in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations predicts that cassava plantations will increase and production systems will intensify in the future, highlighting the need for developing strategies that improve the sustainability of production. Plant chemical defenses hold the potential for developing pest management strategies, as these plant traits can influence the behavior and performance of both pests and beneficial arthropods. Cassava plants are well-defended and produce a number of compounds involved in direct defense, such as cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycoumarins. In addition, volatile organic compounds induced upon herbivory and the secretion of extrafloral nectar act as indirect defense against herbivores by recruiting natural enemies. Here, cassava chemical defenses against pest arthropods are reviewed, with the aim of identifying gaps in our knowledge and areas of research that deserve further investigation for developing sound pest control strategies to improve sustainable production of this crop, and how these defenses can be used to benefit other crops. Cyanogenic content in cassava is also highly toxic to humans, and can cause irreversible health problems even at sub-lethal doses when consumed over prolonged periods. Therefore, the promotion of chemical defense in this crop should not aggravate these problems, and must be accompanied with the education on processing methods that reduce human exposure to cyanide" |
| Keywords: | "Crops, Agricultural/*chemistry Cyanides/pharmacology Flavonoids/chemistry/pharmacology Glycosides/chemistry/pharmacology Humans Manihot/*chemistry Molecular Structure Plant Leaves/chemistry Cassava Cyanogenic compounds Direct defenses Euphorbiaceae Extraf;" |
| Notes: | "MedlinePinto-Zevallos, Delia M Pareja, Martin Ambrogi, Bianca G eng Review England 2016/06/19 Phytochemistry. 2016 Oct; 130:10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.05.013. Epub 2016 Jun 14" |
