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Sci Rep

Title:		Experimental immune challenges reduce the quality of male antennae and female pheromone output
Author(s):		Pham HT; Elgar MA; van Lieshout E; McNamara KB;
Address:		"School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. mcnamara@unimelb.edu.au"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220304
Issue:		1
Page Number:		3578 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-022-07100-y
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Sexual signalling is a key feature of reproductive investment, yet the effects of immune system activation on investment into chemical signalling, and especially signal receiver traits such as antennae, are poorly understood. We explore how upregulation of juvenile immunity affects male antennal functional morphology and female pheromone attractiveness in the gumleaf skeletonizer moth, Uraba lugens. We injected final-instar larvae with a high or low dose of an immune elicitor or a control solution and measured male antennal morphological traits, gonad investment and female pheromone attractiveness. Immune activation affected male and female signalling investment: immune challenged males had a lower density of antennal sensilla, and the pheromone of immune-challenged females was less attractive to males than their unchallenged counterparts. Immune challenge affected female investment into ovary development but not in a linear, dose-dependent manner. While there was no effect of immune challenge on testes size, there was a trade-off between male pre- and post-copulatory investment: male antennal length was negatively correlated with testes size. Our study highlights the costs of elaborate antennae and pheromone production and demonstrates the capacity for honest signalling in species where the costs of pheromone production were presumed to be trivial"
Keywords:		Animals Arthropod Antennae/anatomy & histology Female Larva Male *Moths/physiology *Pheromones Reproduction Sensilla;
Notes:		"MedlinePham, Hieu T Elgar, Mark A van Lieshout, Emile McNamara, Kathryn B eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2022/03/06 Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 4; 12(1):3578. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07100-y"