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Int J Mol Sci

Title:		Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Enriched Cheeses Influence the Levels of Circulating n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Humans
Author(s):		Murru E; Carta G; Cordeddu L; Melis MP; Desogus E; Ansar H; Chilliard Y; Ferlay A; Stanton C; Coakley M; Ross RP; Piredda G; Addis M; Mele MC; Cannelli G; Banni S; Manca C;
Address:		"Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. m.elisabetta.murru@gmail.com. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. giacarta28@gmail.com. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. lina.cordeddu@ki.se. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. mpmelis@unica.it. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. erides82@yahoo.it. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. hastiansar@gmail.com. Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. yves.chilliard@inra.fr. Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. anne.ferlay@inra.fr. APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland. catherine.stanton@teagasc.ie. APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland. mairead.coakley@teagasc.ie. APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland. p.ross@ucc.ie. Servizio per la Ricerca nei Prodotti di Origine Animale, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy. gpiredda@tiscalinet.it. Servizio per la Ricerca nei Prodotti di Origine Animale, AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy. maddis@agrisricerca.it. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy. mariacristina.mele@unicatt.it. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy. g.cannelli@libero.it. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. banni@unica.it. Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy. claumanca@hotmail.com"
Journal Title:		Int J Mol Sci
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180611
Issue:		6
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/ijms19061730
ISSN/ISBN:		1422-0067 (Electronic) 1422-0067 (Linking)
Abstract:		"n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) directly and indirectly regulate lipid metabolism, energy balance and the inflammatory response. We investigated changes to the n-3 HUFA score of healthy adults, induced by different types and amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched (ENCH) cheeses consumed for different periods of time, compared to dietary fish oil (FO) pills (500 mg, each containing 100 mg of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-EPA+DHA) or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich linseed oil (4 g, containing 2 g of ALA). A significant increase in the n-3 HUFA score was observed, in a dose-dependent manner, after administration of the FO supplement. In terms of the impact on the n-3 HUFA score, the intake of ENCH cheese (90 g/day) for two or four weeks was equivalent to the administration of one or two FO pills, respectively. Conversely, the linseed oil intake did not significantly impact the n-3 HUFA score. Feeding ENCH cheeses from different sources (bovine, ovine and caprine) for two months improved the n-3 HUFA score by increasing plasma DHA, and the effect was proportional to the CLA content in the cheese. We suggest that the improved n-3 HUFA score resulting from ENCH cheese intake may be attributed to increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) activity. This study demonstrates that natural ENCH cheese is an alternative nutritional source of n-3 HUFA in humans"
Keywords:		"Adult Cheese/*analysis *Diet Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*blood Female Humans Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/*administration & dosage Male PPAR alpha/genetics/metabolism cheese clinical trial conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) fatty acids (FA) highly unsaturated fatty;"
Notes:		"MedlineMurru, Elisabetta Carta, Gianfranca Cordeddu, Lina Melis, Maria Paola Desogus, Erika Ansar, Hastimansooreh Chilliard, Yves Ferlay, Anne Stanton, Catherine Coakley, Mairead Ross, R Paul Piredda, Giovanni Addis, Margherita Mele, Maria Cristina Cannelli, Giorgio Banni, Sebastiano Manca, Claudia eng Clinical Trial Switzerland 2018/06/13 Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jun 11; 19(6):1730. doi: 10.3390/ijms19061730"