| Title: | "BTEX in Ambient Air of Zarand, the Industrial City in Southeast of Iran: Concentration, Spatio-temporal Variation and Health Risk Assessment" |
| Address: | "Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. m.faraji@kmu.ac.ir. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. m.faraji@kmu.ac.ir" |
| Journal Title: | Bull Environ Contam Toxicol |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00128-023-03778-6 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1432-0800 (Electronic) 0007-4861 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The existence of several industries in Zarand, a city in Southeastern Iran, caused challenges for the residents about air pollutants and associated health effects. In the present study, the concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), spatio-temporal distribution and related health risks were evaluated. Passive samplers were used to collect 30 samples in the over the hot and cold periods in 2020. The ordinary Kriging method was used to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of BTEXs. Also, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of BTEX for adults. The ranking of mean concentration of overall toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and benzene followed as 82.49 +/- 26.86, 30.91 +/- 14.04, 4.75 +/- 3.28, and 0.91 +/- 0.18 microg/m(3), respectively. The mean value of lifetime carcinogenic risk (LTCR) for residents related to benzene was 7.52 x 10(- 6), indicating a negligible carcinogenic risk for them. Furthermore, the ranking of non-carcinogenic risk calculated through hazard quotient (HQ) for investigated BTEX compounds followed as xylene > benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene over the hot period and xylene > toluene > ethylbenzene over the cold period which all points had HQ < 1. Additionally, according to the findings of the sensitivity analysis, the concentration of benzene was the main contributor in increasing the carcinogenic risk. According to our results, it can be stated that the existence of several industries in the study area could not possibly occur the significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to the adults residents in the study period. Human studies are recommended to determine definite results" |
| Keywords: | Adult Humans *Benzene/analysis Xylenes/analysis Toluene/analysis Iran Environmental Monitoring/methods Benzene Derivatives/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis Carcinogens/analysis Risk Assessment Health risk Spatio-temporal distribution Volatile organic com; |
| Notes: | "MedlineMaleky, Sobhan Faraji, Maryam eng 98001129/Kerman University of Medical Sciences/ 2023/08/13 Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2023 Aug 12; 111(2):25. doi: 10.1007/s00128-023-03778-6" |
