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Sci Rep

Title:		Discrimination between the human prostate normal and cancer cell exometabolome by GC-MS
Author(s):		Lima AR; Araujo AM; Pinto J; Jeronimo C; Henrique R; Bastos ML; Carvalho M; Guedes de Pinho P;
Address:		"UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. ritacmlima@hotmail.com. UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal. Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal. UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal. UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. pguedes@ff.up.pt"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180403
Issue:		1
Page Number:		5539 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-018-23847-9
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is currently the most used biomarker in clinical practice for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, this biomarker has several drawbacks. In this work, an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic profiling of PCa cells was performed to prove the concept that metabolic alterations might differentiate PCa cell lines from normal prostate cell line. For that, we assessed the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile in the extracellular medium (exometabolome) of four PCa cell lines and one normal prostate cell line at two pH values (pH 2 and 7) by GC-MS. Multivariate analysis revealed a panel of volatile metabolites that discriminated cancerous from normal prostate cells. The most altered metabolites included ketones, aldehydes and organic acids. Among these, we highlight pentadecane-2-one and decanoic acid, which were significantly increased in PCa compared to normal cells, and cyclohexanone, 4-methylheptan-2-one, 2-methylpentane-1,3-diol, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 1-(3,5-dimethylfuran-2-yl)ethanone, methyl benzoate and nonanoic acid, which were significantly decreased in PCa cells. The PCa volatilome was markedly influenced by the VOCs extraction pH, though the discriminant capability was similar. Overall, our data suggest that VOCs monitoring has the potential to be used as a PCa screening methodology"
Keywords:		"Biomarkers, Tumor/*metabolism Cells, Cultured Extracellular Space/*metabolism Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Male *Metabolome Prostate/*metabolism/pathology Prostatic Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology Volatile Organic Compounds/*metabolism;"
Notes:		"MedlineLima, Ana Rita Araujo, Ana Margarida Pinto, Joana Jeronimo, Carmen Henrique, Rui Bastos, Maria de Lourdes Carvalho, Marcia Guedes de Pinho, Paula eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2018/04/05 Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3; 8(1):5539. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23847-9"