| Title: | "Monitoring of volatile and non-volatile urban air genotoxins using bacteria, human cells and plants" |
| Author(s): | Ceretti E; Zani C; Zerbini I; Viola G; Moretti M; Villarini M; Dominici L; Monarca S; Feretti D; |
| Address: | "Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lab. of Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Perugia, Italy. Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy. Electronic address: feretti@med.unibs.it" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.004 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Urban air contains many mutagenic pollutants. This research aimed to investigate the presence of mutagens in the air by short-term mutagenicity tests using bacteria, human cells and plants. Inflorescences of Tradescantia were exposed to air in situ for 6h, once a month from January to May, to monitor volatile compounds and micronuclei frequency was computed. On the same days PM10 was collected continuously for 24h. Half of each filter was extracted with organic solvents and studied by means of the Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, and the comet assay on human leukocytes. A quarter of each filter was extracted with distilled water in which Tradescantia was exposed. PM10 concentration was particularly high in the winter season (> 50 mug/m(3)). In situ exposure of inflorescences to urban air induced a significant increase in micronuclei frequency at all the sites considered, but only in January (p < 0.01). Aqueous extracts collected in January and February induced genotoxic effects in Tradescantia exposed in the laboratory (p < 0.01). Ames test showed that organic extracts of winter urban air were able to induce genetic mutations in S. typhimurium TA98 strain (+/- S9), but not in TA100 strain, with a revertants/plate number nine times higher than the negative control. Comet assay showed that winter extracts were more toxic and genotoxic than spring extracts. All the mutagenicity tests performed confirmed that urban air in North Italy in winter contains both volatile and non-volatile genotoxic substances able to induce genetic damage in bacteria, human cells and plants" |
| Keywords: | Air Pollutants/*analysis/toxicity Comet Assay Environmental Monitoring/*methods Humans Italy Leukocytes/chemistry/drug effects Micronucleus Tests Mutagenicity Tests Mutagens/*analysis/toxicity Point Mutation/drug effects Pollen/chemistry/drug effects Salm; |
| Notes: | "MedlineCeretti, E Zani, C Zerbini, I Viola, G Moretti, M Villarini, M Dominici, L Monarca, S Feretti, D eng England 2014/08/02 Chemosphere. 2015 Feb; 120:221-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.004. Epub 2014 Jul 31" |
