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Indoor Air

Title:		VOC exposures in California early childhood education environments
Author(s):		Hoang T; Castorina R; Gaspar F; Maddalena R; Jenkins PL; Zhang Q; McKone TE; Benfenati E; Shi AY; Bradman A;
Address:		"Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. Research Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA. IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy"
Journal Title:		Indoor Air
Year:		2017
Volume:		20161026
Issue:		3
Page Number:		609 - 621
DOI:		10.1111/ina.12340
ISSN/ISBN:		1600-0668 (Electronic) 0905-6947 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Little information exists about exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in early childhood education (ECE) environments. We measured 38 VOCs in single-day air samples collected in 2010-2011 from 34 ECE facilities serving California children and evaluated potential health risks. We also examined unknown peaks in the GC/MS chromatographs for indoor samples and identified 119 of these compounds using mass spectral libraries. VOCs found in cleaning and personal care products had the highest indoor concentrations (d-limonene and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane [D5] medians: 33.1 and 51.4 mug/m(3), respectively). If reflective of long-term averages, child exposures to benzene, chloroform, ethylbenzene, and naphthalene exceeded age-adjusted 'safe harbor levels' based on California's Proposition 65 guidelines (10(-5) lifetime cancer risk) in 71%, 38%, 56%, and 97% of facilities, respectively. For VOCs without health benchmarks, we used information from toxicological databases and quantitative structure-activity relationship models to assess potential health concerns and identified 12 VOCs that warrant additional evaluation, including a number of terpenes and fragrance compounds. While VOC levels in ECE facilities resemble those in school and home environments, mitigation strategies are warranted to reduce exposures. More research is needed to identify sources and health risks of many VOCs and to support outreach to improve air quality in ECE facilities"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor California *Child Day Care Centers Child, Preschool Construction Materials/analysis Cosmetics/analysis *Detergents/analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Infant;"
Notes:		"MedlineHoang, T Castorina, R Gaspar, F Maddalena, R Jenkins, P L Zhang, Q McKone, T E Benfenati, E Shi, A Y Bradman, A eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2016/10/27 Indoor Air. 2017 May; 27(3):609-621. doi: 10.1111/ina.12340. Epub 2016 Oct 26"