| Title: | Volatile Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Selected Citrus Essential Oils Originated from Nepal |
| Author(s): | Bhandari DP; Poudel DK; Satyal P; Khadayat K; Dhami S; Aryal D; Chaudhary P; Ghimire A; Parajuli N; |
| Address: | "Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Nepal. Department of Plant Resources, Natural Products Research Laboratory, Thapathali, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT 84043, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules26216683 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Citrus species of plants are among the most commercially cultivated crops, mainly for their fruit. Besides, the generally consumed flesh inside the fruit, the peel is quite important too. Essential oils extracted from the peel have a history of being used by humankind for centuries. These essential oils are rich in antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Comparative investigation of volatile constituents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were undertaken. The essential oils were evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and enantiomeric composition by chiral GC-MS. Similarly, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, and antimicrobial activities were assayed using the disk diffusion method. The highest extraction yield of 1.83% was observed in Citrus sinensis Osbeck. GC-MS analysis showed limonene (63.76-89.15%), gamma-terpinene (0.24-6.43%), beta-pinene (0.15-6.09%), linalool (0.35-3.5%), sabinene (0.77-2.17%), myrcene (0.74-1.75%), alpha-terpineol (0.28-1.15%), and alpha-pinene (0.2-0.58%) as the major constituents of the essential oil of the Citrus species studied. For the first time, through our study, chiral terpenoids have been observed from Citrus grandis Osbeck essential oil. The order of antioxidant activity is as follows: Citrus grandis Osbeck red flesh > Citrus reticulata Blanco > Citrus sinensis Osbeck > Citrus grandis Osbeck white flesh. Except for Citrus grandis Osbeck white flesh (52.34 microL/mL), all samples demonstrated stronger antioxidant activities than those of the positive control, quercetin (5.60 microL/mL). Therefore, these essential oils can be used as a safe natural antioxidant to prevent product oxidation. Likewise, citrus peel essential oil showed antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial strains, albeit marginal" |
| Keywords: | "Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology Antioxidants/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology Citrus/chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Microbial Sensitivity Tests Molecular Structure Nepal Oils, Volatile;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineBhandari, Devi Prasad Poudel, Darbin Kumar Satyal, Prabodh Khadayat, Karan Dhami, Sital Aryal, Dipa Chaudhary, Pratiksha Ghimire, Aakash Parajuli, Niranjan eng PhD- 77/78-S&T-05/University Grants Commission Nepal/ Switzerland 2021/11/14 Molecules. 2021 Nov 4; 26(21):6683. doi: 10.3390/molecules26216683" |
