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Sci Rep

Title:		Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites
Author(s):		Hazra T; Adroit B; Denk T; Wappler T; Sarkar SK; Bera S; Khan MA;
Address:		"Palaeobotany-Palynology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, India. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405, Stockholm, Sweden. benjamin.adroit@gmail.com. IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France. benjamin.adroit@gmail.com. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Natural History, Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany. Paleontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universitat Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany. Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India. Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700019, India. Palaeobotany-Palynology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, India. khan.mahasinali@gmail.com"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230407
Issue:		1
Page Number:		5702 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-023-31393-2
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"We report a new type of fossil margin galls arranged in a linear series on dicot leaf impressions from the latest Neogene (Pliocene) sediments of the Chotanagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, eastern India. We collected ca. 1500 impression and compression leaf fossils, of which 1080 samples bear arthropod damage referable to 37 different damage types (DT) in the 'Guide to Insect (and Other) Damage Types in Compressed Plant Fossils'. A few leaf samples identified as Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) have specific margin galls that do not match any galling DT previously described. This type of galling is characterized by small, linearly arranged, irregular, sessile, sub-globose, solitary, indehiscent, solid pouch-galls with irregular ostioles. The probable damage inducers of the present galling of the foliar margin might be members of Eriophyidae (Acari). The new type of gall suggests that marginal gall-inducing mites on leaves of Ipomoea did not change their host preference at the genus level since the Pliocene. The development of marginal leaf galling in Ipomoea is linked to extrafloral nectaries that do not offer protection against arthropod galling but indirectly protect the plant against herbivory from large mammals"
Keywords:		Animals *Mites *Ipomoea Insecta Plants Plant Leaves Plant Tumors Mammals;
Notes:		"MedlineHazra, Taposhi Adroit, Benjamin Denk, Thomas Wappler, Torsten Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar Bera, Subir Khan, Mahasin Ali eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2023/04/08 Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 7; 13(1):5702. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31393-2"