| Title: | Volatile-Based Diagnosis for Pathogenic Wood-Rot Fungus Fulvifomes siamensis by Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
| Author(s): | Tan JY; Zhang Z; Izzah HJ; Fong YK; Lee D; Mutwil M; Hong Y; |
| Address: | "School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore. National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1424-8220 (Electronic) 1424-8220 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Wood rot fungus Fulvifomes siamensis infects multiple urban tree species commonly planted in Singapore. A commercial e-nose (Cyranose 320) was used to differentiate some plant and fungi volatiles. The e-nose distinctly clustered the volatiles at 0.25 ppm, and this sensitivity was further increased to 0.05 ppm with the use of nitrogen gas to purge the system and set up the baseline. Nitrogen gas baseline resulted in a higher magnitude of sensor responses and a higher number of responsive sensors. The specificity of the e-nose for F. siamensis was demonstrated by distinctive clustering of its pure culture, fruiting bodies collected from different tree species, and in diseased tissues infected by F. siamensis with a 15-min incubation time. This good specificity was supported by the unique volatile profiles revealed by SPME GC-MS analysis, which also identified the signature volatile for F. siamensis-1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene. In field conditions, the e-nose successfully identified F. siamensis fruiting bodies on different tree species. The findings of concentration-based clustering and host-tree-specific volatile profiles for fruiting bodies provide further insights into the complexity of volatile-based diagnosis that should be taken into consideration for future studies" |
| Keywords: | "*Electronic Nose Fungi Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Nitrogen Odorants/analysis Solid Phase Microextraction/methods Trees *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Wood/chemistry Foot Rot 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrachloro-3, 6-dimethoxybenzene Cyranose 320 Ful;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineTan, Jhing Yein Zhang, Ziteng Izzah, Hazirah Junin Fong, Yok King Lee, Daryl Mutwil, Marek Hong, Yan eng NTU REF 2019-1120/Ministry of National Development/ Switzerland 2023/05/13 Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 6; 23(9):4538. doi: 10.3390/s23094538" |
