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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Particulate organic emissions from incense-burning smoke: Chemical compositions and emission characteristics
Author(s):		Song K; Tang R; Li A; Wan Z; Zhang Y; Gong Y; Lv D; Lu S; Tan Y; Yan S; Yan S; Zhang J; Fan B; Chan CK; Guo S;
Address:		"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institue, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China. Electronic address: rongtang@cityu.edu.hk. China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC), Beijing 100176, China. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China. Shanghai Police College, Shanghai 200137, China. TECHSHIP (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD, Beijing 100039, China. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institue, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China; Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China. Electronic address: songguo@pku.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230704
Issue:
Page Number:		165319 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165319
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Incense burning is a common practice in Asian cultures, releasing hazardous particulate organics. Inhaling incense smoke can result in adverse health effects, yet the molecular compositions of incense-burning organics have not been well investigated due to the lack of measurement of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs). To elucidate the detailed emission profile of incense-burning particles, we conducted a non-target measurement of organics emitted from incense combustion. Quartz filters were utilized to trap particles, and organics were analyzed by a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC x GC-MS) coupled with a thermal desorption system (TDS). To deal with the complex data obtained by GC x GC-MS, homologs are identified mainly by the combination of selected ion chromatograms (SICs) and retention indexes. SICs of 58, 60, 74, 91, and 97 were utilized to identify 2-ketones, acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid phenylmethyl esters, and alcohols, respectively. Phenolic compounds contribute the most to emission factors (EFs) among all chemical classes, taking up 24.5 % +/- 6.5 % of the total EF (96.1 +/- 43.1 mug g(-1)). These compounds are largely derived from the thermal degradation of lignin. Biomarkers like sugars (mainly levoglucosan), hopanes, and sterols are extensively detected in incense combustion fumes. Incense materials play a more important role in shaping emission profiles than incense forms. Our study provides a detailed emission profile of particulate organics emitted from incense burning across the full-volatility range, which can be used in the health risk assessments. The data processing procedure in this work could also benefit those with less experience in non-target analysis, especially GC x GC-MS data processing"
Keywords:		GC x GC Homologs Incense burning Particles;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINESong, Kai Tang, Rongzhi Li, Ang Wan, Zichao Zhang, Yuan Gong, Yuanzheng Lv, Daqi Lu, Sihua Tan, Yu Yan, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Zhang, Jingshun Fan, Baoming Chan, Chak K Guo, Song eng Netherlands 2023/07/07 Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 1; 897:165319. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165319. Epub 2023 Jul 4"