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PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Title:		"Responses of the putative trachoma vector, Musca sorbens, to volatile semiochemicals from human faeces"
Author(s):		Robinson A; Bristow J; Holl MV; Makalo P; Alemayehu W; Bailey RL; Macleod D; Birkett MA; Caulfield JC; Sarah V; Pickett JA; Dewhirst S; Chen-Hussey V; Woodcock CM; D'Alessandro U; Last A; Burton MJ; Lindsay SW; Logan JG;
Address:		"Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom. Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, The Gambia. The Fred Hollows Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Global Partnerships Executive, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Crawford Mews, London, United Kingdom. ARCTEC, Chariot Innovations Ltd, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom"
Journal Title:		PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200303
Issue:		3
Page Number:		e0007719 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pntd.0007719
ISSN/ISBN:		1935-2735 (Electronic) 1935-2727 (Print) 1935-2727 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The putative vector of trachoma, Musca sorbens, prefers to lay its eggs on human faeces on the ground. This study sought to determine whether M. sorbens females were attracted to volatile odours from human faeces in preference to odours from the faeces of other animals, and to determine whether specific volatile semiochemicals mediate selection of the faeces. Traps baited with the faeces of humans and local domestic animals were used to catch flies at two trachoma-endemic locations in The Gambia and one in Ethiopia. At all locations, traps baited with faeces caught more female M. sorbens than control traps baited with soil, and human faeces was the most successful bait compared with soil (mean rate ratios 44.40, 61.40, 10.50 [P<0.001]; 8.17 for child faeces [P = 0.004]). Odours from human faeces were sampled by air entrainment, then extracts of the volatiles were tested by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography with laboratory-reared female M. sorbens. Twelve compounds were electrophysiologically active and tentatively identified by coupled mass spectrometry-gas chromatography, these included cresol, indole, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. It is possible that some of these volatiles govern the strong attraction of M. sorbens flies to human faeces. If so, a synthetic blend of these chemicals, at the correct ratios, may prove to be a highly attractive lure. This could be used in odour-baited traps for monitoring or control of this species in trachoma-endemic regions"
Keywords:		"Adolescent Adult Animals Child Chromatography, Gas Electrophysiological Phenomena Ethiopia Feces/*chemistry Female Gambia Humans Insect Vectors/*drug effects/physiology Male Muscidae/*drug effects/physiology Pheromones/isolation & purification/*pharmacolo;"
Notes:		"MedlineRobinson, Ailie Bristow, Julie Holl, Matthew V Makalo, Pateh Alemayehu, Wondu Bailey, Robin L Macleod, David Birkett, Michael A Caulfield, John C Sarah, Virginia Pickett, John A Dewhirst, Sarah Chen-Hussey, Vanessa Woodcock, Christine M D'Alessandro, Umberto Last, Anna Burton, Matthew J Lindsay, Steve W Logan, James G eng MC_UP_A900_1119/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom MR/R010161/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom 206275/Z/17/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2020/03/04 PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Mar 3; 14(3):e0007719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007719. eCollection 2020 Mar"