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J Vet Med Sci

Title:		"Sexual polymorphisms of vomeronasal 1 receptor family gene expression in bulls, steers, and estrous and early luteal-phase heifers"
Author(s):		Kubo H; Otsuka M; Kadokawa H;
Address:		"Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan"
Journal Title:		J Vet Med Sci
Year:		2016
Volume:		20151018
Issue:		2
Page Number:		271 - 279
DOI:		10.1292/jvms.15-0300
ISSN/ISBN:		1347-7439 (Electronic) 0916-7250 (Print) 0916-7250 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Vomeronasal 1 receptors (V1R) are a family of receptors for intraspecies chemosignals, including pheromones, and are expressed in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VO). Even in the well-studied rodents, it is unclear which members of the V1R family cause sexual polymorphisms, as there are numerous genes and it is difficult to quantify their expressions individually. Bovine species carry only 34 V1R homologs, and the OE and VOs are large enough to sample. Here, V1R expression was quantified in the OE and VOs of individual bovines. Based on the 34 gene sequences, we obtained a molecular dendrogram consisting of four clusters and six independent branches. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to obtain gene expression profiles in the VOs and OE of 5 Japanese Black bulls, 5 steers, 7 estrous heifers and 6 early luteal-phase heifers. Ten genes showed significant between-group differences, and 22 showed high expression in VOs than in OE. The bulls showed higher expression of one gene more in OE and another in VOs (both P<0.05) than did steers; both genes belonged to the first cluster. No genes were expressed more abundantly in steers than in bulls. The estrous heifers showed higher expression of a gene of the second cluster in OE, and a gene of the third cluster in VOs (both P<0.05) than did early luteal-phase heifers. These results suggest V1R expression exhibits sexual polymorphisms in cattle"
Keywords:		"Animals Cattle Chemotactic Factors/*genetics Estrous Cycle/*metabolism Female Gene Expression Profiling Luteal Phase/*metabolism Male *Multigene Family Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Odorant/*genetics *Sex Characteristics Vomeronasal Organ/*metabolism;"
Notes:		"MedlineKubo, Haruna Otsuka, Midori Kadokawa, Hiroya eng Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Japan 2015/10/20 J Vet Med Sci. 2016 Feb; 78(2):271-9. doi: 10.1292/jvms.15-0300. Epub 2015 Oct 18"