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Toxins (Basel)

Title:		Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Aspergillus flavus Strains Producing or Not Aflatoxin B1
Author(s):		Josselin L; De Clerck C; De Boevre M; Moretti A; Jijakli MH; Soyeurt H; Fauconnier ML;
Address:		"Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy. Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Statistic, Informatic and Applied Modelling, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium"
Journal Title:		Toxins (Basel)
Year:		2021
Volume:		20211006
Issue:		10
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/toxins13100705
ISSN/ISBN:		2072-6651 (Electronic) 2072-6651 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Aspergillus flavus is a phytopathogenic fungus able to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a carcinogenic mycotoxin that can contaminate several crops and food commodities. In A. flavus, two different kinds of strains can co-exist: toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains. Microbial-derived volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) emitted by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus were analyzed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a time-lapse experiment after inoculation. Among the 84 mVOCs emitted, 44 were previously listed in the scientific literature as specific to A. flavus, namely alcohols (2-methylbutan-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol), aldehydes (2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal), hydrocarbons (toluene, styrene), furans (2,5-dimethylfuran), esters (ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate), and terpenes (epizonaren, trans-caryophyllene, valencene, alpha-copaene, beta-himachalene, gamma-cadinene, gamma-muurolene, delta-cadinene). For the first time, other identified volatile compounds such as alpha-cadinol, cis-muurola-3,5-diene, alpha-isocomene, and beta-selinene were identified as new mVOCs specific to the toxigenic A. flavus strain. Partial Least Square Analysis (PLSDA) showed a distinct pattern between mVOCs emitted by toxigenic and non-toxigenic A. flavus strains, mostly linked to the diversity of terpenes emitted by the toxigenic strains. In addition, the comparison between mVOCs of the toxigenic strain and its non-AFB1-producing mutant, coupled with a semi-quantification of the mVOCs, revealed a relationship between emitted terpenes (beta-chamigrene, alpha-corocalene) and AFB1 production. This study provides evidence for the first time of mVOCs being linked to the toxigenic character of A. flavus strains, as well as terpenes being able to be correlated to the production of AFB1 due to the study of the mutant. This study could lead to the development of new techniques for the early detection and identification of toxigenic fungi"
Keywords:		Aflatoxin B1/*metabolism Aspergillus flavus/*chemistry/metabolism Volatile Organic Compounds/*metabolism Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) mycotoxins semi-quantification solid phase microextraction (SPME);
Notes:		"MedlineJosselin, Laurie De Clerck, Caroline De Boevre, Marthe Moretti, Antonio Jijakli, M Haissam Soyeurt, Helene Fauconnier, Marie-Laure eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2021/10/23 Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 6; 13(10):705. doi: 10.3390/toxins13100705"