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Environ Pollut

Title:		BVOC responses to realistic nitrogen fertilization and ozone exposure in silver birch
Author(s):		Carriero G; Brunetti C; Fares S; Hayes F; Hoshika Y; Mills G; Tattini M; Paoletti E;
Address:		"IPSP-CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: giulia.carriero@ipsp.cnr.it. IVALSA-CNR, Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy. RPS-CREA, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via della Navicella 2-4, 00184 Rome, Italy. CEH, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW Bangor, UK. IPSP-CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160122
Issue:
Page Number:		988 - 995
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.047
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Emission of BVOC (Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds) from plant leaves in response to ozone exposure (O3) and nitrogen (N) fertilization is poorly understood. For the first time, BVOC emissions were explored in a forest tree species (silver birch, Betula pendula) exposed for two years to realistic levels of O3 (35, 48 and 69 ppb as daylight average) and N (10, 30 and 70 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), applied weekly to the soil as ammonium nitrate). The main BVOCs emitted were: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, ocimene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and hexanal. Ozone exposure increased BVOC emission and reduced total leaf area. The effect on emission was stronger when a short-term O3 metric (concentrations at the time of sampling) rather than a long-term one (AOT40) was used. The effect of O3 on total leaf area was not able to compensate for the stimulation of emission, so that responses to O3 at leaf and whole-plant level were similar. Nitrogen fertilization increased total leaf area, decreased alpha-pinene and beta-pinene emission, and increased ocimene, hexanal and DMNT emission. The increase of leaf area changed the significance of the emission response to N fertilization for most compounds. Nitrogen fertilization mitigated the effects of O3 exposure on total leaf area, while the combined effects of O3 exposure and N fertilization on BVOC emission were additive and not synergistic. In conclusion, O3 exposure and N fertilization have the potential to affect global BVOC via direct effects on plant emission rates and changes in leaf area"
Keywords:		"Atmosphere/*chemistry Betula/*drug effects/growth & development/metabolism Fertilizers Nitrogen/*metabolism Oils, Volatile/metabolism Ozone/*pharmacology Plant Leaves/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism Soil/*chemistry Terpenes/*metabolism Trees/;"
Notes:		"MedlineCarriero, G Brunetti, C Fares, S Hayes, F Hoshika, Y Mills, G Tattini, M Paoletti, E eng England 2016/01/27 Environ Pollut. 2016 Jun; 213:988-995. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.047. Epub 2016 Jan 22"